Indlela Epheleleyo Yovavanyo Lokuthenga Iirobhothi Ze-Servo Ezine-Axis Ezintlanu

Indlela Epheleleyo Yovavanyo Lokuthenga Iirobhothi Ze-Servo Ezine-Axis Ezintlanu

Phakathi kotshintsho olukhulu lwe-automation yemizi-mveliso, iirobhothi ze-servo ezijikeleze ezintlanu ziye zaba zizixhobo eziphambili kwimveliso echanekileyo, iindawo zeemoto, izinto ze-elektroniki, kunye nezinye iindawo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobunzima bazo obuphezulu bobuchwephesha, iindleko eziphezulu zokuthenga, kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, ukuzithenga ngokungaboniyo akuchithi nje kuphela izixhobo kodwa kunokubeka emngciphekweni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya indlela yesayensi yokuthenga iirobhothi ze-servo ezine-axis ezintlanu ukusuka kwiimbono ezintlanu: "Inkcazo yeeMfuno - Uvavanyo lweeParamitha - Ukuhlolwa kwabaThengi - Uhlalutyo lweeNdleko - Ukuqinisekiswa koMngcipheko," ukunceda iinkampani zihambelane ngokuchanekileyo neemfuno kwaye zinciphise umngcipheko wokwenza izigqibo.

I. Chonga iiMfuno kuqala: Ukucacisa "isicelo" yeyona nto iphambili ekufuneka yenziwe ukuze kuvavanywe.

Inyathelo lokuqala ekuthengeni asikokuthelekisa iinkcukacha, kodwa kukuchonga imeko yesicelo. "Ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo" okanye "ukungasebenzi kakuhle" kwerobhothi ye-servo ene-axis ezintlanu kunokuchaphazela ngqo imbuyekezo yayo kutyalo-mali. Iimfuno kufuneka zichazwe ngokweembono ezintathu eziphambili:

Imeko yeMveliso Ukujolisa: Cacisa isicelo esithile serobhothi. Ingaba yenzelwe ukuhlanganisa ngokuchanekileyo, ukuphatha izinto, ukuwelda kunye nokusika, okanye ukuhlola kunye nokwahlula? Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zifuna ukuchaneka okwahlukileyo kakhulu, umthwalo, kunye neemfuno zesantya zerobhothi. Umzekelo, ukuhlanganiswa kweetshiphusi kushishino lwe-elektroniki kufuna ukuchaneka kwe-±0.005mm, ngelixa ukuphathwa kwezixhobo kushishino lweemoto kubeka phambili umthwalo kunye nozinzo.

Uhlengahlengiso Lwendalo: Chonga iimfuno ezithile zendalo yemveliso, kubandakanya ubushushu (umz., iiworkshops ezishushu kakhulu zifuna ii-servo motors ezishushu kakhulu), ukufuma (iindawo ezimanzi zifuna ukulinganiswa kokuthintela amanzi okungangenwa yi-IP65 okanye ngaphezulu), uthuli (uyilo olufakwe kwiikhaphu luyadingeka kwiindawo ezinothuli), kunye nokugqwala (izinto ezishushu kakhulu ziyafuneka kwiindawo ezineekhemikhali). Ukungahoyi ukuguquguquka kwendalo kunokunciphisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yerobhothi.

Iimfuneko zeMveliso kunye nokuHlangana: Bala umjikelo wokuhamba kwerobhothi ngokusekelwe kwixesha lomjikelo womgca wokuvelisa (umz., ufuna izenzo ezili-10 zokukhetha nokubeka ngomzuzu). Kwakhona, misela ukuba ingaba irobhothi kufuneka ihambelane nezixhobo ezikhoyo (umz., Umatshini weCnc izixhobo, ii-conveyors, kunye neenkqubo ze-MES) ukunqanda imiba yokuhambelana.

II. Uvavanyo lweParamitha ePhambili: Chonga ukuhambelana ngokusekwe kwiiNkcukacha zoBugcisa

Ukusebenza kwerobhothi ye-servo ene-axis ezintlanu kuxhomekeka kwiiparameter eziphambili. Gxila kwiimetrics "ezihambelana kakhulu neemfuno," endaweni yokulandela ngokungakhathali "iiparameters eziphezulu kangangoko." Ezi parameters zintandathu zilandelayo zifuna ukuqinisekiswa:

Udidi lweParameter Isalathisi esiPhambili Amanqaku oVavanyo
Umthamo woMthwalo wokusebenza kweNtshukumo: Oku kufuneka kugqume "ubunzima besixhobo somsebenzi + ubunzima besixhobo." Kucetyiswa umda womthwalo we-10%-20% (umz., ukuba isixhobo somsebenzi sinobunzima be-5kg, khetha Irobhothi enomthwalo onzima ongama-6-7kg).
Ukuchaneka/Ukuphindaphinda kweSithuba: Ukuchaneka kweSithuba kubhekisa ekuphambukeni phakathi kwendawo ekujoliswe kuyo kunye nendawo yokwenyani, ngelixa ukuphindaphindwa kubhekisa ekuphambukeni phakathi kokubuyela kwindawo efanayo emva kokunyakaza okuninzi. Ukuphindaphindwa kubekwe phambili kwizicelo zokuchaneka (umz., ±0.003mm ingcono kune ±0.005mm).
Isantya/Ukukhawulezisa iNtshukumo: Isantya kufuneka sihambelane nomjikelo womgca wemveliso, njengoko ukukhawulezisa kuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokumisa ukuqala (izicelo zesantya esiphezulu zifuna inkqubo ye-servo enamandla kakhulu ukuthintela ukushukuma kwezixhobo zokusebenza ngexesha lokumisa ukuqala).
Inkqubo yeServo: Uhlobo lweMoto yeServo: Iimoto ezihambelanayo zemagnethi ezisisigxina ze-AC zezona ziphambili. Qinisekisa ukuba amandla emoto kunye ne-torque zifanelekile kumthwalo (amandla angonelanga anokubangela ukuvalwa kwe-overload).
Ukusebenza kweDrive: Umqhubi kufuneka axhase ulawulo lwe-pulse olukhawulezayo okanye ulawulo lwebhasi (umz., ibhasi ye-EtherCAT, ehambelana ne-Industry 4.0). Iimfuneko), kwaye ikwabandakanya imisebenzi yokukhusela ukugqithiswa kakhulu kunye nokuchonga iimpazamo.
Ulwakhiwo kunye nokuthembeka: Inani kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo kwi-Joints: Kwizakhiwo ezine-axis ezintlanu, indlela yokudlulisela i-joint nganye kufuneka imiselwe (umz., i-harmonic reducer okanye i-RV reducer; ii-RV reducers zilungele ngakumbi imithwalo enzima kunye nokuqina okuphezulu). I-aluminium alloy okanye intsimbi enamandla aphezulu (elula kwaye inganyangekiyo yi-deformation) ikhethwa kwi-chassis.
Ixesha Eliphakathi Phakathi Kokusilela (MTBF): Umndilili weshishini ungaphezulu kweeyure ezili-10,000. Okukhona i-MTBF inde, kokukhona iindleko zokulungisa ziphantsi.

III. Ukuhlolwa kwabaThengisi: Cinga kungekuphela nje ngeMveliso, kodwa nangeNkonzo kunye nobuchule.

Xa uthenga i-servo ene-axis ezintlanu Ingalo yeRobhothi phesheya kolwandle, ukukhetha umthengisi kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nolawulo lomngcipheko. Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwezakhono zomthengisi kufuneka lwenziwe kwiimbono ezine:

Iziqinisekiso kunye nokuQokelelwa koBugcisa: Beka phambili ababoneleli ngeesatifikethi zamazwe ngamazwe (umz., inkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho we-ISO 9001, isatifikethi se-CE, kunye nesatifikethi se-UL ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko lwemarike ekujoliswe kuyo). Kwakhona, qwalasela ubuchule bobuchwephesha bomthengisi, njengezakhono zabo ezizimeleyo ze-R&D kwiindawo eziphambili (ezifana neenkqubo ze-servo kunye nezinciphisi) ukuze kuthintelwe ukulibaziseka emva kokuthengisa okubangelwa kukuxhomekeka kwiindawo zomntu wesithathu.

Amandla eenkonzo eziwela imida: Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe kukusabela okucothayo emva kokuthengisa. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthengisi unikezela na:
Inkonzo ekwindawo ethile: Umzekelo, nokuba banazo na iindawo zokuthengisa emva kokuthengisa okanye ababoneleli beenkonzo abasebenzisana nabo kwimarike ekujoliswe kuyo, nokuba bangakwazi na ukulungisa kwindawo leyo kwiiyure ezingama-48;
Inkxaso ekude: Nokuba banikezela ngeenkonzo zokuchonga iimpazamo kwi-intanethi kunye nokulungisa iimpazamo ezikude ukunciphisa iindleko zokugcinwa kwindawo;
Ukufumaneka kwezixhobo ezingasetyenziswayo: Nokuba banendawo yokugcina izixhobo ezingasetyenziswayo, nokuba ixesha lokufumana izixhobo ezibalulekileyo (ezifana neemoto ze-servo kunye nee-reducers) lingaphakathi kweentsuku ezisi-7.

Iingxelo kunye nodumo: Ababoneleli kufuneka banike izifundo zeemeko ezivela kushishino olufanayo (umz., ukubonelela ngee-gripper zerobhothi ezingaphezu kwama-50 kumenzi wezixhobo zeemoto). Qinisekisa uzinzo lwemveliso yabo kunye nomgangatho wenkonzo ngokusebenzisa iiforam zoshishino kunye nophononongo lwabathengi (umz., Uhlolo lukaGoogle kunye nengxelo yeLinkedIn) ukuze baphephe ukukhetha abathengisi abancinci abangenazo izifundo zeemeko okanye udumo.

Amandla okwenza ngokwezifiso: Kwiimeko zemveliso ezikhethekileyo (ezifana nokuphathwa kwezinto zokusebenza ezingaqhelekanga okanye usetyenziso olukhethekileyo lwendalo), kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthengisi uyayixhasa na intuthuko eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, kubandakanya uyilo lwezixhobo, ukulungiswa kwenkqubo yokuhamba, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo, ukuze kuthintelwe ingxaki yokuba iimveliso ezisemgangathweni zingaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomntu ngamnye.

IV. Ukubalwa kweendleko: Jonga ngaphaya "kwexabiso lokuthenga" kwaye ubale "iindleko zomjikelo wobomi"

Ixabiso lokuthenga irobhothi ye-servo ene-axis ezintlanu kuphela i-30%-50% yeendleko zomjikelo wobomi. Ukungawunaki ulondolozo oluqhubekayo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokulahlekelwa lixesha lokungasebenzi kunokunyusa kakhulu iindleko zizonke. Iindleko kufuneka zibalwe ngokweembono ezintathu:

Iindleko ezicacileyo: Ezi ziquka ixabiso lokuthenga izixhobo, iirhafu zerhafu, iindleko zothutho, kunye neentlawulo zokufakela kunye nokufaka izixhobo (iintlawulo zokufakela kunye nokufaka izixhobo kwamanye amazwe zihlala zimalunga ne-5%-10% yexabiso lokuthenga; qinisekisa kumthengisi kwangaphambili ukuba ezi zinto zifakiwe kwikowuteshini).

Iindleko Ezifihlakeleyo:
Iindleko zokulungisa: Oku kuquka ukutshintshwa kwezixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga (umzekelo, isixhobo sokunciphisa kufuneka sitshintshwe rhoqo emva kweeyure ezingama-20,000, kwaye ixabiso leyunithi lingafikelela kumawaka aliqela eeyuan) kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo (iindleko zokulungisa zonyaka zimalunga ne-2%-3% yexabiso lokuthenga).
Iindleko zamandla: Zibalwa ngokusekelwe kumandla emoto ye-servo. Umzekelo, imoto eyi-1.5kW esebenza iiyure ezi-8 ngosuku ixabisa malunga ne-10-15 yuan (ngokusekelwe kumaxabiso ombane wemizi-mveliso), nto leyo ebangela iindleko zamandla zonyaka ezimalunga ne-3,600-5,400 yuan.
Ilahleko ngexesha lokungasebenzi: Ukuba ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwengalo yerobhothi kubangela ukuba umgca wemveliso ume, ilahleko ngeyure inokufikelela kumashumi amawaka eeyuan (olu balo kufuneka luqwalaselwe ngokusekelwe kumandla akho emveliso kunye nemida yenzuzo yemveliso).
Iingcebiso zokuthelekisa iindleko: Xa uthelekisa iikowuteshini ezivela kubathengisi abahlukeneyo, cela "uluhlu olupheleleyo lweendleko zomjikelo wobomi" endaweni yexabiso lokuthenga kuphela. Umzekelo, ukuba ixabiso lokuthenga loMthengisi A liphantsi nge-10%, kodwa amaxabiso eendawo zakhe zokugcina impahla aphezulu ngama-20% kwaye i-MTBF yakhe iphantsi ngama-30%, isenokuba nexabiso eliphantsi kuneloMthengisi B ekuhambeni kwexesha.

V. Ukuqinisekiswa koMngcipheko: "Umgca wokugqibela wokuzikhusela" ngaphambi kokuba uthenge

Ngaphambi kokuba utyikitye isivumelwano, qinisekisa ukusebenza kwengalo yerobhothi ngokusebenzisa "utyelelo lwefektri + uvavanyo lwesampulu" ukuze uphephe imigibe:

Utyelelo lweFektri (kwi-Intanethi/ngaphandle kwe-intanethi): Ukuba iimeko ziyavuma, kuyacetyiswa ukuba undwendwele iworkshop yokuvelisa yomthengisi ngokwakho, ugxile koku:

Inkqubo yoMveliso: Nokuba kukho umgca wokuhlanganisa omiselweyo kunye nenkqubo yokuhlolwa komgangatho (umz., ukuba ingalo nganye yerobhothi ivavanywa iiyure ezingama-72 ngaphambi kokuba iphume kumzi-mveliso);

Amandla e-R&D: Nokuba kukho iqela elizimeleyo le-R&D kwaye ingaba ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bungabonakaliswa na (umz., uvavanyo lwempendulo eguquguqukayo kwiinkqubo ze-servo).

Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba undwendwele ubuso ngobuso, cela umthengisi ukuba anike "usasazo olubukhoma lwasefektri" okanye ividiyo yenkqubo yemveliso eneenkcukacha ukuze kuthintelwe umngcipheko wokuba "yinkampani eyimfihlo."

Uvavanyo lweSampuli: Jonga imeko yesicelo sakho kwaye ucele umthengisi ukuba anike iisampulu zovavanyo lwasentsimini. Uvavanyo luquka:
Ukuqinisekiswa Kokusebenza: Umthwalo wovavanyo, ukuchaneka, kunye nesantya phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezilinganisiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana neemfuno (umz., emva kokubamba umsebenzi ekujoliswe kuwo, sebenzisa isixhobo sokulinganisa nge-laser ukubona ukuphambuka kwindawo obekwe kuyo);
Uvavanyo lokuHlangana: Qhagamshela kwizixhobo ezikhoyo (umz., izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC) ukuvavanya ukuhanjiswa kwesignali okuzinzileyo kunye nentshukumo ehambelanayo egudileyo;
Ukulinganisa Impazamo: Lingisa iimeko ezinje ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokucinywa kombane ukuze kuvavanywe imisebenzi yokukhusela irobhothi kunye nee-alamu zempazamo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Ulawulo loMngcipheko weSiqendu seSivumelwano: Cacisa la macandelo alandelayo kwisivumelwano ukuze kuncitshiswe iingxabano zexesha elizayo:
Ixesha leWaranti: Nangona ixesha lewaranti eliphambili kushishino liyiminyaka eli-1 ukuya kwemi-2, kucetyiswa ukuba izinto eziphambili (iinkqubo ze-servo, izinciphisi) zandiswe ukuya kwiminyaka emi-3;
Iikhrayitheriya zoKwamkelwa: Cacisa indlela yokwamkelwa kokusebenza (umz., iingxelo zovavanyo ezivela kwiiarhente zovavanyo zamaqela esithathu);
Ukwaphulwa koxanduva lweSivumelwano: Uxanduva lomthengisi ngembuyekezo (umz., ukubuyisela, ukutshintshiselana, kunye nembuyekezo yexesha lokungasebenzi) ukuba irobhothi ayihlangabezani neemfuno.

Isiphelo: Umongo wovavanyo olupheleleyo "kukufanisa," kungekhona "ukulunga."

Xa uthenga irobhothi ye-servo ene-axis ezintlanu, injongo ayikokukhetha imveliso "eneenkcazo eziphezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi," kodwa kukufumana isisombululo esifanelana neemfuno zakho. Ukusuka kwinkcazo yeemfuno ukuya kuvavanyo lomngcipheko, inyathelo ngalinye lovavanyo kufuneka ligxile "ekufanelekileni kwemeko, ulawulo lweendleko, kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko." Kuphela ngokuhlanganisa iinkcukacha zobugcisa, amandla omthengisi, kunye neendleko zomjikelo wobomi obupheleleyo apho injongo "yokuthenga kube kanye, wonwabele iingenelo zexesha elide" inokufezekiswa.