Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe malunga nothutho, uthutho, kunye nokususwa kwerhafu xa uthenga irobhothi ye-servo ene-axis ezintlanu

Ukuthenga iRobhothi ye-Servo ene-Axis ezintlanu: Izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ufuna ukuthutha, ukuthutha, kunye nokuhlawulwa kwerhafu

Kwicandelo le-automation yemizi-mveliso, iirobhothi ze-servo ezijikeleze ezintlanu, ngobuchule bazo obuphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka, ziye zaba zizixhobo eziphambili kubavelisi abaninzi ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthengwa iirobhothi ze-servo ezine-axis ezintlanu kubathengisi baphesheya, izinto zokuthutha, ezothutho, kunye nokususwa kwempahla zidla ngokuzisa imingeni emininzi. Ukuba aziphathwanga kakuhle, oku akunakukhokelela kuphela ekulibazisekeni kokuhanjiswa kwezixhobo kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo, kodwa kunokubangela nomonakalo wezixhobo, okuchaphazela izicwangciso zemveliso. Eli nqaku liza kuchaza iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo zezinto zokuthutha kunye nokususwa kwempahla xa kuthengwa iirobhothi ze-servo ezine-axis ezintlanu kwiimbono ezine: ukulungiselela kwangaphambili ukuthenga, yonke inkqubo yezothutho kunye nezothutho, iindawo eziphambili zokususwa kwempahla, kunye namaqhinga okunciphisa umngcipheko. Oku kuya kunceda iinkampani zigqibe ngempumelelo ukuthengwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.

Okokuqala, Ukulungiselela Ukuthenga Kwangaphambi Kokuthenga: Ukuvula Indlela Yokuvunyelwa Kwezothutho NeeRhafu

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthenga irobhothi ye-servo ene-axis ezintlanu, ukulungiselela kwangaphambili kokuthenga kubalulekile ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wezothutho kunye nokucocwa kwempahla. Iinkampani ezininzi zigxila kwiinkcukacha zezixhobo kunye neengxoxo zamaxabiso, kodwa aziwunaki umsebenzi wokulungiselela onxulumene nezothutho kunye nokucocwa kwempahla, nto leyo ebangela inkqubo engenzi nto. Amanyathelo amathathu aphambili okulungiselela afuna ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo:

1. Cacisa ulwazi olusisiseko lwezixhobo kwaye uqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yezothutho

Iirobhothi ze-servo ezine-axis ezintlanu zizixhobo zoshishino ezichanekileyo. Ubunzima, ubukhulu, kunye nezinto zezixhobo zazo eziphambili (ezifana nee-servo motors, izinciphisi, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo) zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iindlela zothutho kunye neemfuno zokususwa kwerhafu. Ulwazi olulandelayo kufuneka lubhalwe ngokucacileyo kubaboneleli ngexesha lesigaba sokuqala sokuthenga:

Iinkcukacha zezixhobo: Oku kuquka ubunzima obuzimeleyo (izixhobo ezifakiweyo mazichazwe ngokwahlukeneyo), ubukhulu obupheleleyo (ubude × ububanzi × ukuphakama, ngokuchanekileyo kwisentimitha ekufutshane), kunye nobunzima kunye nomthamo opakishwe ngokupheleleyo (osetyenziselwa ukubala iindleko zokuthutha kunye nokumisela umthamo wokuthwala isithuthi);

Uluhlu lwezinto ezingundoqo: Oku kuquka imodeli yemoto ye-servo, uphawu lokunciphisa, kunye nohlobo lwenkqubo yolawulo (njengemodeli ye-PLC) ukuze kuthintelwe ukulibaziseka ngexesha lokuvunyelwa kwerhafu ngenxa yolwazi lwezinto ezingekhoyo;

Ukuchongwa kwezinto ezinobungozi: Ezimalunga nesihlanu-Iirobhothi ze-Axis inokuba nemidiya evuthayo kwiinkqubo zabo ze-hydraulic okanye izinto zokuthambisa. Ababoneleli kufuneka bacelwe ukuba banikeze "iNgxelo yoHlelo lweeMpahla eziNgozi" kwangaphambili ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyawela kwimigaqo yothutho ewela umda. Oku kunokuthintela ukuba imithwalo ibanjwe ngenxa yokubhalwa gwenxa.

2. Khetha ababoneleli beenkonzo zezothutho abaziingcali kwaye ucacise uxanduva

Ukuthutha i-servo ene-axis ezintlanu Ingalo yeRobhothiIfuna amanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu obuchwephesha kubaboneleli ngeenkonzo zothutho. Iinkampani zempahla eziqhelekileyo zihlala zingenawo amava okuthutha izixhobo ezichanekileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kube lula ukusilela kwezixhobo okubangelwa kukungqubana nokungcangcazela. Xa ukhetha umboneleli weenkonzo zothutho, gxila kwezi zakhono zilandelayo:

Amava kuShishino: Beka phambili ababoneleli abanamava ekuthuthweni okuwela imida ye- Iirobhothi zeShishini/izixhobo ezichanekileyo. Bafune ukuba banike izisombululo zothutho zangaphambili (umz., nokuba basebenzisa iipallets ezimelana nokungcangcazela okanye izikhongozeli ezilawulwa bubushushu) kunye nempendulo yabathengi.

Isiqinisekiso Sokufaneleka: Qinisekisa ukuba umboneleli wenkonzo uneSatifikethi soBhaliso lweShishini lokuThumela iFreight Forwarding International kunye neSatifikethi soBhaliso lweShishini lokuThumela iFreight Common Operating Carrier (NVOCC). Ukuba uthutha iimpahla eziyingozi, kufuneka abe neMvume yokuThutha iNdlela yeeMpahla eziyingozi okanye iziqinisekiso zothutho zamazwe ngamazwe ezifanayo.

Amabinzana eSivumelwano: Isivumelwano sothutho kufuneka sichaze ngokucacileyo uxanduva lomonakalo wezixhobo (umz., ukuba umonakalo ngexesha lokuthuthwa ubangelwa kukupakisha okungafanelekanga okanye ukungcangcazela okugqithisileyo, umboneleli wezothutho uya kuba noxanduva lokulungisa okanye ukubuyisela), kunye nokuhlawula ixesha lokulibazisa (umz., ukuba iimpahla zifika emva kwexesha ngenxa yempazamo yomboneleli wezothutho, kuya kuhlawulwa isohlwayo semihla ngemihla se-0.5%-1% yexabiso lesivumelwano). Ngaphezu koko, funa umboneleli wezothutho ukuba anikezele ngeenkonzo zokulandelela imithwalo ezisebenza ngokupheleleyo (umz., ukulandelela i-GPS ngexesha langempela kunye nezaziso zokuhlaziya ii-node) ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkampani iyazi imeko yeempahla ngamaxesha onke.

Okwesibini, yonke inkqubo yezothutho kunye nezothutho: ulawulo olucokisekileyo ukusuka ekupakisheni ukuya ekuhanjisweni

Ukuchaneka kwe irobhothi ye-servo ene-axis ezintlanu iyalela ukuba inkqubo yayo yokuthutha ifuna "ukhuseleko olupheleleyo." Ukungakhathali nangaliphi na inqanaba kunokubangela ilahleko engenakuguqulwa. Ezi zilandelayo zichaza izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwezothutho ngokweembono ezintathu: ukupakisha, ukukhethwa kwendlela yokuthutha, kunye nokubeka esweni ezothutho.

1. Ukupakisha: "Umgca Wokuqala Wokuzikhusela" weZixhobo Ezichanekileyo

Ukupakishwa kubalulekile ekuthinteleni umonakalo kwizixhobo ngexesha lokuthuthwa. Isicwangciso sokupakisha esenzelwe wena kufuneka senziwe ngokusekelwe kwisakhiwo sezixhobo kunye nendawo yokuthuthwa kwazo. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa ikhadibhodi eqhelekileyo okanye iibhokisi zomthi ezilula.

Ukhuseleko Lwangaphakathi: Izinto eziphambili ezifana neemoto ze-servo kunye nezinciphisi kufuneka zisongelwe ngekotoni yeperile (ubuncinci ubukhulu obuyi-5cm) kunye ne-bubble wrap (ubuncinane iileya ezintathu). I-cushioning foam kufuneka ibekwe phakathi kwento kunye nebhokisi yokupakisha ukuthintela intshukumo. Iibhodi zesekethe zenkqubo yokulawula kufuneka zibekwe kwiingxowa ezahlukeneyo ezichasene ne-static kwaye emva koko kwiibhokisi ezingangeni manzi, ezivaliweyo ukuthintela umonakalo ovela kumswakama kunye nombane ongashukumiyo.

Ukupakisha Kwangaphandle: Iibhokisi zeplywood ezenzelwe wena (ubuncinane ubukhulu be-15mm) kufuneka zisetyenziswe. Iintambo zokuqinisa zesinyithi kufuneka zifakwe ngaphakathi kwiibhokisi. Amavili e-Universal kufuneka afakwe ezantsi ukuze kube lula ukulayisha nokukhupha impahla, kwaye kufuneka kufakwe iimathi ezingatyibilikiyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukutyibilika ngexesha lokuthuthwa. Ukuba izixhobo zinobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-500kg, kufuneka kufakwe iiforklifts ezantsi kwebhokisi yomthi ukuze kube lula ukulayisha nokukhupha impahla.

Cima iilebhile: Ncamathisela imiqondiso yesilumkiso efana nethi "Izixhobo Ezichanekileyo, Isiphatho Ngononophelo," "Beka Phezulu," "Ukumelana Nomswakama," kunye nethi "Ukumelana Nokutshayelwa" kwiindawo ezibonakalayo ngaphandle kwebhokisi (sebenzisa izitikha ze-fluorescent ukuze zibonakale ebusuku okanye kwiindawo ezikhanyayo kancinci). Kwakhona qaphela igama lesixhobo, imodeli, ubunzima obupheleleyo, umthamo, kunye nolwazi loqhagamshelwano lomntu oza kwamkela ukuthintela ukuphambuka okanye ukulahleka.

2. Ukukhethwa kweNdlela yoThutho: Ukulinganisela ukusebenza kakuhle kunye noKhuseleko

Ukuthuthwa kweerobhothi ze-servo ezinqamlezileyo ezintlanu kubandakanya ukuthuthwa ngolwandle okanye ngomoya. Ukhetho kufuneka lusekelwe kungxamiseko lokuthengwa, inani leeyunithi, kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe zezi ndlela zombini zilandelayo:

Uthutho lwaselwandle (lufanelekile xa kuthengwa izinto ezininzi, ezingangxamisekanga):

Iingenelo: Iindleko zokuthutha eziphantsi (malunga ne-1/3-1/5 yothutho lomoya), umthamo ophezulu wokuthwala, kwaye zifanelekile ukuthutha iirobhothi ezininzi ngaxeshanye.

Amanqaku: Khetha "umthwalo wesikhongozeli opheleleyo" (FCL) endaweni "umthwalo wesikhongozeli ongaphantsi" (LCL) ukuze uphephe ukuxinana kunye nokungqubana okubangelwa kukuxubana nezinye iimpahla. Ukuthuthwa ngolwandle kuthatha ixesha elide (ngesiqhelo iintsuku ezili-15-30). Iiarhente zokuthintela ukufuma kufuneka zibekwe ngaphakathi kweekreyithi zokhuni (iipakethe ezi-2-3 ngemitha nganye yetyhubhu, nganye inobunzima obuyi-500g). Kufuneka kufakwe isixhobo sokurekhoda ubushushu kunye nokufuma ngaphakathi kwesikhongozeli ukuze kujongwe utshintsho lobushushu kunye nokufuma ngexesha lokuthuthwa (ubushushu obufanelekileyo buyi-5-35°C, ukufuma buyi-10-15°C). 40%-60%). Ukuba ubungakanani budlula olu luhlu, yazisa umboneleli wezothutho ngoko nangoko ukuze alungise.

Uthutho Lomoya (Lufanelekile ukuthenga ngokukhawuleza, izixhobo ezizodwa):

Iingenelo: Ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza (ngesiqhelo iintsuku ezi-3-7), kukhawulezisa iimfuno zemveliso engxamisekileyo.

Amanqaku: Qinisekisa ukuba inkampani yeenqwelo-moya "ineemfuno zokuthwala impahla ngomoya ezichanekileyo" ukuze iphephe izixhobo ezigqithisileyo (irobhothi enye ene-axis ezintlanu idla ngokuba nobunzima obuyi-300-1000kg) okanye engaqhelekanga kwaye ayinakulayishwa. Ukuthwala impahla emoyeni kufuna amandla aphezulu okupakisha, kwaye kufuneka kongezwe imitya yentsimbi ngaphandle kwebhokisi yomthi ukuthintela ukuqhekeka ngenxa yokutshintshatshintsha koxinzelelo ngexesha lokuthuthwa kwindawo ephakamileyo. Kwakhona, jonga izixhobo zokulayisha nokukhulula impahla kwindawo oya kuyo kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya kwangaphambili (umzekelo, nokuba kukho iifolokhwe ezinzima okanye izixhobo zokuphakamisa impahla) ukuze kuthintelwe ukulibaziseka ngenxa yeengxaki zokukhulula impahla kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya.

3. Ukubeka esweni izinto ezithuthwayo: Ukulandelela ngexesha langempela kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwizinto ezingaqhelekanga

Ukubeka iliso ngendlela eguquguqukayo ngexesha lokuthuthwa yindlela ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa umngcipheko. Amashishini kufuneka asebenzisane nababoneleli bezothutho ukuseka indlela yokubeka iliso kwiindawo ezininzi:

Ukuqinisekiswa kweNdawo yokuThutha: Kufuneka ababoneleli ngezothutho banike amaxwebhu ngokukhawuleza (afana namaxwebhu okuthumela, iinombolo zebhili yendlela, izaziso zokufika, kunye neekopi eziskeniweyo zamaxwebhu okucoca irhafu) kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanya ukuthunyelwa, ukulayisha, ukufika, ukucoca irhafu, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwindlu ngendlu, ukuqinisekisa ukulandeleka kwinqanaba ngalinye.

Ukuphathwa Kwemeko Engaqhelekanga: Kwimeko yeemeko ezingaqhelekanga ezifana neenkanyamba, ukuxinana kwezibuko, kunye nokulibaziseka kweenqwelo-moya, ababoneleli bezothutho kufuneka banike "Inkcazo Yemeko Engaqhelekanga" kunye "Nesicwangciso Sempendulo" (njengokutshintsha indlela, ukutshintsha iinqwelo-moya/iinqanawa), kwaye ngaxeshanye bahlaziye ixesha eliqikelelweyo lokufika (i-ETA) kwiiyure ezingama-24. Nakuphi na ukuma okungaqhelekanga kwempahla (njengokuphambuka kwindlela ecwangcisiweyo okanye ukulibaziseka okude) kufuneka kuxelelwene nomboneleli wezothutho ngoko nangoko ukuze kuphandwe nayiphi na imiba yokulahleka kwempahla okanye ukubanjwa kwayo.

Okwesithathu, ukucocwa kwerhafu: Ukuthobela izibhengezo zerhafu kubalulekile ekuphepheni imiqobo yerhafu.

Ukuvunyelwa kwempahla kwiingalo zerobhothi ze-servo ezine-axis ezintlanu kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi, kuquka ukuhlelwa kwezixhobo, ukulungiswa kwamaxwebhu, kunye nokubalwa kwerhafu. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela imithetho yokubhengezwa kwempahla kunokubangela ukuhlolwa kwempahla kwiimpahla, ukubanjwa, ukuhlawuliswa, kunye nokuchaphazela iziqinisekiso zokungenisa impahla emva koko zenkampani. Oku kulandelayo kuchaza amanyathelo okhuseleko lokuvunyelwa kwempahla kwiinkalo ezintathu: ukulungiselela kwangaphambili ukuvunyelwa kwempahla, amanqaku aphambili okubhengezwa, kunye nokuphatha ukuhlolwa kwempahla kwiimpahla:

1. Imvume kwangaphambili: Lungisa amaxwebhu apheleleyo kwangaphambili kwaye uqinisekise ukuhlelwa kunye namazinga erhafu

Ukugqibelela nokuchaneka kwamaxwebhu okucoca impahla yerhafu zezona zinto ziphambili ukuze impahla yerhafu ...

Uluhlu lwamaxwebhu angundoqo:

I-invoyisi yoRhwebo (kufuneka ibonise igama lesixhobo, imodeli, ubungakanani, ixabiso leyunithi, ixabiso lilonke, imiqathango yorhwebo efana ne-FOB/CIF, kunye nendlela yokuhlawula);

Uluhlu lokuPakisha (kufuneka luhambelane ne-invoyisi yorhwebo, ebonisa ubunzima obupheleleyo, umthamo, kunye nomxholo oneenkcukacha zephakheji nganye);

Ibhili yomthwalo (ibhili yomthwalo yolwandle okanye ibhili yomoya, eqinisekisa ukuba umntu othunyelweyo kunye nolwazi lwamalungu luchanekile kwaye ukuba ukuqinisekiswa kwebhili yomthwalo kuyahlangabezana neemfuno);

Isatifikethi seMvelaphi (ukuba izixhobo zivela kwilizwe elinesivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo neTshayina/ Kwimimandla efana ne-ASEAN kunye ne-EU, ungabonelela ngesatifikethi semvelaphi ukuze ufake isicelo sokuncitshiswa kwerhafu kunye nokuxolelwa, ukunciphisa iindleko zokuthenga.

Incwadi yemiyalelo yezixhobo (kufuneka ibandakanye umgaqo wokusebenza kwesixhobo, uluhlu lwezinto eziphambili, kunye neenkcukacha zobugcisa, kunye neenguqulelo zesiTshayina nesiNgesi ukuze kube lula ukuqonda imisebenzi yesixhobo ngokwesiko).

Ilayisenisi yokungenisa impahla (Ukuba irobhothi ye-servo ene-axis ezintlanu ihlelwa njenge "impahla yelayisenisi yokungenisa impahla ngokuzenzekelayo," kufuneka ufake isicelo selayisenisi yokungenisa impahla ngokuzenzekelayo kwangaphambili kwiSebe lezoRhwebo okanye kwiigunya zorhwebo zasekuhlaleni ukuze uphephe ukubanjwa ngenxa yokungenisa impahla ngaphandle kwelayisenisi).

Ukuhlelwa kwezixhobo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwenqanaba lerhafu: Ngokwe "Customs Tariff of the People's Republic of China," iirobhothi ze-servo ezine-axis ezintlanu zihlala zihlelwa njenge "iirobhothi zezimboni" kunye nekhowudi yerhafu ethi "90138030" (ukuhlelwa okuthile kuxhomekeke kumsebenzi kunye nolwakhiwo lwesixhobo. Kucetyiswa ukuba udibane nomthengisi weerhafu oqeqeshiweyo okanye iziko lokuhlelwa kwerhafu). Iirhafu zokungenisa impahla ngokubanzi ziyi-5%-8%, kwaye izinga le-VAT yi-13%. Kubalulekile ukubala iindleko zerhafu kwangaphambili kwaye ulungiselele imali eyaneleyo yokuhlawula.

2. Amanqaku aPhambili eSibhengezo: Xela Inyaniso, Kuphephe Ukungavakalisi okanye Ukufihlwa

Xa ubhengeza ukususwa kwerhafu, landela ngokungqongqo umgaqo "wokubhengeza inyaniso" ukuze uphephe iingozi ezibangelwa "amaxabiso angachazwanga kakuhle" okanye "zizinto ezifihlakeleyo":

Isibhengezo seXabiso: Ixabiso elikwi-invoyisi yorhwebo kufuneka lihambelane nexabiso lokwenyani lentengiselwano (kubandakanya ixabiso lezixhobo, izixhobo, impahla, i-inshurensi, njl. Ukuba usebenzisa igama lorhwebo le-CIF, kufuneka kuboniswe imali yempahla kunye ne-inshurensi). Oku kuthintela amasiko ekuchongeni "ukuthengiswa ngokungekho mthethweni" ngenxa "yokungabhengezwa" kwaye ajongane neentlawulo (ngesiqhelo ngokuphindwe kathathu kunerhafu engahlawulwanga) okanye ukuhluthwa kweempahla. Ukuba izixhobo "ziyisampuli" okanye "yipakethi yovavanyo," kufuneka kunikezelwe "Isibhengezo sokungaxabisi Ixabiso loRhwebo", esithi "Ngeenjongo zovavanyo kuphela, azithengiswa" ukuze kuthintelwe ukuhlawula irhafu kunye neentlawulo ngokuzibhengeza njengeempahla eziqhelekileyo.

Isibhengezo seCandelo: Zonke izixhobo (kubandakanya ii-servo motors, izinciphisi, iintambo, iinkqubo zolawulo, njl.njl.) kufuneka zidweliswe ngokupheleleyo kuluhlu lokupakisha kunye nefomu yesibhengezo ukuze kuthintelwe ukulibaziseka kokususwa kwempahla ngenxa yerhafu okubangelwa "kukufihla izinto eziphambili" ngexesha lokuhlolwa. Ukuba izixhobo zibandakanya "Isiqinisekiso se-3C" (njengeemoto kunye nezixhobo zombane), "Isiqinisekiso seSiqinisekiso esinyanzelekileyo saseTshayina" (Isiqinisekiso se-3C) kufuneka sinikezelwe kwangaphambili. Izixhobo ezingenaso iSiqinisekiso se-3C kufuneka zifake isicelo seSiqinisekiso seSikhululo se-3C"; kungenjalo, imvume yempahla ayizukuvunyelwa.

3. Ukuhlolwa kweMithetho: Sebenzisana ngokukhutheleyo kwaye ulungiselele kwangaphambili

Iingalo zerobhothi ze-servo ezine-axis ezintlanu zizixhobo ezichanekileyo kwaye zixabiseke kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zihlolwe lula ngabaphathi berhafu. Iinkampani kufuneka zilungiselele kwangaphambili kwaye zisebenzisane ngokukhutheleyo nokuhlolwa kwabaphathi berhafu ukuze kuthintelwe ukulibaziseka okubangelwa ziimpendulo ezingafanelekanga:

Ukulungiselela Ukuhlolwa Kwangaphambi Kokuba Iimpahla Zifike Echwebeni, nxibelelana nomthengisi werhafu ukuze uqonde amanqaku aqhelekileyo okuhlolwa kwerhafu (njengokuba ingaba izixhobo ziyahambelana nolwazi oluchaziweyo, ukuba ingaba izinto zigqityiwe na, nokuba kukho na umthwalo ofihliweyo na). Lungisa incwadi yemiyalelo yezixhobo, uluhlu lwamalungu, kunye nezinye izinto ukuze kube lula ukuhlolwa kwerhafu. Ukuba izixhobo zifuna uvavanyo lwamandla, lungisa iadaptha yamandla (ehambelana nemigangatho yevolthi yaseTshayina) kwangaphambili. 220V) ukuvumela irhafu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesixhobo.

Intsebenziswano Ngexesha leNkqubo yoHlolo: Ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwempahla ethengiweyo, ingcali eqhelene nezixhobo kufuneka ibe khona ukuze incede imibutho ethengiweyo ukuqinisekisa imodeli, ubungakanani, kunye neenxalenye zezixhobo kwaye iphendule nayiphi na imibuzo malunga nokusebenza kwazo. Ukuba imibutho ethengiweyo ifuna ukukhutshwa kwempahla ukuze ihlolwe, yalela abasebenzi abalayishayo nabakhupha impahla ukuba baphathe izixhobo ngononophelo ukuze baphephe umonakalo ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwempahla ethengiweyo. Emva kokuba uhlolo lugqityiwe, qinisekisa izimvo zemibutho ethengiweyo kwiirekhodi zohlolo. Ukuba kukho naziphi na izichaso, qhagamshelana ngokukhawuleza nomthengisi wempahla ethengiweyo kunye nemibutho ethengiweyo ukuze kuthintelwe imiba elandelayo ebangelwa kukungangqinelani kwiirekhodi.

Ukucutshungulwa Emva Kokuhlolwa: Ukuba uhlolo luqhelekile, irhafu iya kukhupha "Isaziso Sokuhlolwa Nokukhululwa" kwaye ungaqhubeka neenkqubo zokucoca irhafu. Ukuba uhlolo lutyhila naziphi na iingxaki (ezifana nokungafani kwisibhengezo okanye amaxwebhu angekhoyo), kufuneka unikezele ngolwazi olongezelelweyo ngokukhawuleza (njengokungenisa kwakhona isatifikethi semvelaphi okanye ukufaka isicelo sesatifikethi sokukhululwa kwi-3C) okanye wenze izilungiso (ezifana nokulungisa ulwazi oluchaziweyo) njengoko kufuneka kwirhafu. Nje ukuba izilungiso zigqityiwe, phinda ufake isicelo sokuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba irhafu ikhawuleziswa.

Okwesine, icebo lokuphendula umngcipheko: Misela indlela "yesicwangciso seemeko ezingalindelekanga kunye nophononongo" yokunciphisa ilahleko.

Nokuba kulungiselelwe kakuhle, iimeko ezingalindelekanga zisenokuvela ngexesha lenkqubo yezothutho kunye nokususwa kwempahla. Iinkampani kufuneka ziseke indlela "yesicwangciso somngcipheko kunye nokuhlolwa emva kwesiganeko" ukunciphisa ilahleko kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuthengwa kwempahla okulandelayo:

1. Isicwangciso sokuNgxamiseka koMngcipheko: Yila isicwangciso sokuphendula kwangaphambili ukuze unciphise ilahleko

Kwiingozi eziqhelekileyo ezinokuvela ngexesha lokuhanjiswa kwezinto kunye nokususwa kwerhafu, "isicwangciso sokuphendula esinamanqanaba" kufuneka senziwe kwangaphambili:

Umngcipheko Womonakalo Wezixhobo: Ngexesha lokuthenga, sayina "Isivumelwano Sesiqinisekiso Sezixhobo" nomthengisi ukuze uchaze ngokucacileyo uxanduva lokulungisa umonakalo ngexesha lokuthuthwa (umzekelo, umthengisi kufuneka anikezele ngesicwangciso sokulungisa zingadlulanga iiyure ezingama-72 emva kokufumana isaziso somonakalo, kwaye iindleko zokulungisa ziya kuthwalwa ngumntu onoxanduva). Kwakhona, thenga "inshurensi yokuthutha ewela umda" yezixhobo (umz., inshurensi yomngcipheko wonke enomshuwalense ongaphantsi kwe-110% yexabiso lilonke lezixhobo). Le inshurensi igubungela umonakalo wezixhobo obangelwe kukungqubana, ukungcangcazela, umlilo, iintlekele zemvelo, kunye neminye imingcipheko ngexesha lokuthuthwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amabango einshurensi angasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iindleko xa kukho ilahleko.

Umngcipheko Wokulibaziseka Kwempahla Ethengiswayo: Kwikhontrakthi yokuthenga, vumelana nomthengisi malunga "noXanduva Lokulibaziseka Kwempahla Ethengiswayo" (ukuba ukususwa kwempahla ethengiswayo kulibazisekile ngenxa yamaxwebhu angaphelelanga anikwe ngumthengisi, umthengisi uya kuthwala isohlwayo sokuhanjiswa emva kwexesha). Kwakhona, gcina "ixesha le-buffer" ukuze ulinganise ixesha eliqikelelweyo lokufika kwezixhobo neemfuno zemveliso zenkampani (umz., ngaphambi kokufika kwezixhobo). Ukuthunyelwa kungalungiselelwa kwiintsuku ezili-15-20) ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphazamiseka kwemveliso okubangelwa kukulibaziseka kokususwa kwempahla ethengiswayo.

Umngcipheko wokunyuka kwerhafu kunye neentlawulo: Nxibelelana nomthengisi werhafu kwangaphambili ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokuhlelwa kwezixhobo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuhlawulwa ngokugqithisileyo kwerhafu kunye neentlawulo ngenxa yokuhlelwa okungachanekanga. Ukuba irhafu iyachasa ixabiso elichaziweyo, lungiselela "izinto ezixhasa ixabiso" (ezifana neekhontrakthi zentengiselwano zangaphambili, amaxabiso emarike ezixhobo ezifanayo, kunye neengxelo zokubalwa kweendleko zomthengisi) kwangaphambili ukuze ubonakalise ukuba ixabiso elichaziweyo lifanelekile kwirhafu kwaye uphephe ukugqithiswa kwexabiso yirhafu, okunokukhokelela ekunyukeni kwerhafu kunye neentlawulo.

2. Uhlolo lwasemva kwesiganeko: Shwankathela izifundo ezifundiweyo kwaye uphucule iinkqubo ezilandelayo

Emva kokuthenga ngakunye, iinkampani kufuneka zilungiselele intlanganiso yokuhlolwa emva kwesiganeko kunye ne-logistics, i-procurement, i-finance, kunye namanye amasebe afanelekileyo ukuze kuhlolwe imiba kunye nezifundo ezifunyenweyo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-logistics kunye ne-customs clearance:

Uhlalutyo lwemiba: Bhala phantsi naziphi na iingxaki ezidibene nokuthengwa (umz., ukulibaziseka kokuhanjiswa ngumboneleli wezothutho, amaxwebhu okususwa kwempahla angekhoyo, iimpahla ezibanjwe yirhafu), kwaye uhlalutye izizathu (umz., ukungalungiselelwa kakuhle kwamaxwebhu okuqala, ukukhethwa okungafanelekanga kwababoneleli bezothutho, ulwazi olungalunganga lwesibhengezo, njl.njl.);

Izifundo: Phuhlisa "amanyathelo okuphucula" kwimiba nganye (umz., ukuhlaziya uluhlu lokuhlola uxwebhu, ukuseka inkqubo yovavanyo lwababoneleli bezothutho, ukuphucula inkqubo yokubhengeza), kwaye ufake ezi zifundo zifunyenweyo kwi-"Procurement SOP" (Inkqubo yokuSebenza eQhelekileyo) ukuqinisekisa ukuba iingxaki ezifanayo ziyaphetshwa ngexesha lokuthenga okulandelayo;

Uvavanyo lwamaqabane: Vavanya ulwaneliseko lomboneleli wezothutho kunye nomthengisi werhafu (ngokusekwe kwisantya sempendulo yenkonzo, ubungcali, ulawulo lweendleko, kunye nokukwazi ukusombulula iingxaki). Khetha amaqabane asemgangathweni ophezulu kwintsebenziswano yexesha elide kwaye ususe lawo anenkonzo embi kunye nokusebenza kakubi.

Isiphelo
Iinkalo zezothutho, ezothutho, kunye nokususwa kwerhafu ukuthenga ingalo yerobhothi ye-servo ene-axis ezintlanu yiprojekthi ecwangcisiweyo, efuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo kuzo zonke iinkalo ezine: ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kwemveliso, ulawulo lokuthuthwa, ukuthotyelwa kokususwa kwempahla ngerhafu, kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko. Iinkampani akufuneki zigxile kuphela kumgangatho nakwixabiso lezixhobo ngokwazo, kodwa nakwiindleko ezifihlakeleyo kunye nemingcipheko yokuhanjiswa kwempahla ngerhafu. Ngokukhetha amaqabane angoochwephesha, ukulungiselela amaxwebhu ngokucokisekileyo, kunye nokuseka indlela yokubeka esweni, zinokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ngokutyibilikayo. Kuphela ngokuhlanganisa ukuhanjiswa kwempahla ngerhafu kunye nokususwa kwempahla ngerhafu kwinkqubo yokuthenga iyonke apho sinokufikelela ngokwenene ekuthengweni okusebenzayo kweengalo zerobhothi ze-servo ezine-axis ezintlanu kwaye sinike isiseko esiqinileyo seenkampani eziphucula imveliso ezenzekelayo.