Ulawulo olukrelekrele lweerobhothi ze-servo: ukuvula isahluko esitsha kwi-automation yemizi-mveliso

Ulawulo olukrelekrele lweerobhothi ze-servo: ukuvula isahluko esitsha kwi-automation yemizi-mveliso

intshayelelo
Kwixesha lanamhlanje lokwanda kwemveliso yehlabathi, iteknoloji yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo itshintsha iindlela zokuvelisa ngesantya esingazange sibonwe ngaphambili, kwaye iirobhothi ze-servo idlala indima ebalulekileyo njengamandla aphambili. Ayiphuculi kakhulu kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kodwa ikwaphucula kakhulu umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuhambelana, ibe yindawo ephambili kubathengi abaninzi bamazwe ngamazwe xa bethenga izixhobo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo. Eli nqaku liza kuhlola nzulu indlela iirobhothi ze-servo ezinokufikelela ngayo kubuchule ngetekhnoloji yokulawula ephucukileyo, kunye neenzuzo ezininzi kunye namathuba esicelo esibanzi aziswa lolu lawulo lukrelekrele, olubonelela ngolwazi olupheleleyo noluxabisekileyo lwesalathiso kubathengi abacinga ukwazisa okanye ukuphucula iirobhothi ze-servo.

1. Ukwakhiwa okusisiseko kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza werobhothi ye-servo
(I) Izinto eziphambili
Irobhothi ye-servo ikakhulu yenziwe ngamacandelo olwakhiwo loomatshini, iinkqubo zokuqhuba i-servo, iinkqubo zolawulo kunye neesensa ezahlukeneyo. Icandelo lolwakhiwo loomatshini liquka iingalo, amalungu, izixhobo zokugqibela, njl.njl., ezibonelela ngesiseko sokuhamba kunye nenkxaso yerobhothi. Inkqubo yokuqhuba i-servo ngumthombo wamandla oqhuba intshukumo yelungu ngalinye lerobhothi. Ihlala yenziwe yimoto ye-servo, umqhubi, njl.njl., enokulawula ngokuchanekileyo isantya, i-torque kunye nendawo yemoto. Njengengqondo engundoqo yerobhothi yonke ye-servo, inkqubo yolawulo inoxanduva lokucubungula imiqondiso eyahlukeneyo yokufaka, ukusebenzisa ii-algorithms zolawulo kunye nokukhupha imiyalelo yolawulo ukuze kufezekiswe ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwerobhothi. Iisensa zisasazwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zerobhothi kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukuva ulwazi olufana nendawo, isantya, amandla, umbono kunye nolunye ulwazi ngexesha langempela, ukubonelela ngesiseko sokwenza isigqibo senkqubo yokulawula.
(II) Umgaqo wokusebenza
Xa irobhothi yeservo ifumana umyalelo kwinkqubo yolawulo, inkqubo ye-servo drive iya kuvelisa i-torque yokuqhuba ehambelanayo ngokomyalelo, kwaye ilungu ngalinye lesakhiwo somatshini wokuqhuba lihamba ngokwendlela kunye nesantya esimiselweyo. Kule nkqubo, i-sensor iya kudlulisa ulwazi lwempendulo olufana nendawo yokwenyani yerobhothi kunye nesantya kwinkqubo yolawulo. Inkqubo yolawulo ilungisa imiqondiso yolawulo lwemveliso ngexesha langempela ngokusekelwe kumahluko phakathi kolu lwazi lwempendulo kunye nemiyalelo ekujoliswe kuyo, ukuze Itini yeRobhothi soloko usenza ngokuchanekileyo imisebenzi esele yenziwe, efana nokubamba, ukuphatha, ukuhlanganisa kunye neminye imisebenzi. Lo mgaqo ufana nenkqubo yokusebenza ngesandla apho iintshukumo zesandla zamkela imiyalelo yobuchopho kwaye zihlengahlengiswa rhoqo ngokwembono, ukuchukumisa kunye neminye impendulo.
2. Ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokulawula iirobhothi ze-servo ngobuchule
(I) Itekhnoloji yokulawula i-servo echanekileyo kakhulu
Umgaqo wolawulo oluvaliweyo: Ulawulo lwe-servo oluchanekileyo kakhulu lusisiseko sokufezekisa ubukrelekrele beerobhothi ze-servo. Ngokuqhelekileyo lusebenzisa isakhiwo solawulo oluvaliweyo oluthathu sendawo, isantya kunye nombane. Indandatho yendawo ikhupha imiyalelo yesantya ukulawula indawo yokuhamba kwerobhothi ngokwendlela ephambukile ngayo indawo ekujoliswe kuyo kunye nendawo yokwenyani; indandatho yesantya ilungisa i-torque yokukhupha yemoto ngokwendlela ephambukile ngayo isiphumo somyalelo wesantya kwisantya sokwenyani, ukuze irobhothi isebenze ngesantya esizinzileyo; indandatho yangoku isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula umsinga wokuqhuba wemoto ukuqinisekisa ukuba imoto ikhupha i-torque waveform engcono kakhulu kwinkqubo eguqukayo, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa ulawulo lokubeka olukhawulezayo, oluchanekileyo noluzinzileyo, kwaye ukuchaneka kokubeka kunokufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu, ukuhlangabezana ngempumelelo neemfuno ezingqongqo zokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso.
Itekhnoloji yokulawula i-Feedforward: Ukongeza kulawulo lwendabuko oluvaliweyo, itekhnoloji yokulawula i-feedforward ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kulawulo lwe-servo oluchanekileyo. Ngokuqikelela iimpawu eziguqukayo zerobhothi ngexesha lokuhamba, ukuhlawula imiqondiso yokulawula kwangaphambili, ukunciphisa ukulibaziseka kwempendulo yenkqubo kunye nokwenzeka okugqithisileyo, ukuphucula ngakumbi ukuchaneka kolawulo kunye nokusebenza okuguquguqukayo, ukuze irobhothi ikwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi onzima kunye nokubetha kwemveliso ngokukhawuleza.
(II) Ukuhlanganiswa kwetekhnoloji yombono womatshini
Ukwakhiwa kunye nomsebenzi wenkqubo yokubona: Umbono womatshini yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuqonda iirobhothi ze-servo ukuze zifikelele kulawulo olukrelekrele. Inkqubo yokubona komatshini eqhelekileyo idla ngokuquka iindawo ezifana neekhamera, iilensi, imithombo yokukhanya, kunye nesoftware yokucubungula imifanekiso. Ikhamera isetyenziselwa ukubamba ulwazi lomfanekiso kwindawo yokusebenza yerobhothi, ngelixa ilensi iqinisekisa ukufotwa ngokucacileyo komfanekiso. Umthombo wokukhanya ubonelela ngeemeko ezilungileyo zokukhanyisa imifanekiso kwaye uqaqambisa iimpawu zento ekujoliswe kuyo. Isoftware yokucubungula umfanekiso inoxanduva lokuhlalutya nokucubungula imifanekiso eqokelelweyo, kubandakanya ukucubungula umfanekiso kwangaphambili, ukukhupha iimpawu, ukuqaphela iipateni kunye namanye amanyathelo, ukuze kufezekiswe ukuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokubekwa kwendawo, imilo, ubungakanani, umbala kunye nezinye iimpawu zomsebenzi.
Isicelo kwi Yintoni iRobhothiulawulo: Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, inkqubo yombono womatshini ingakhokela irobhothi ye-servo ukuba ichonge ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ibambe izinto ezineemilo ezahlukeneyo, ubukhulu kunye neendawo ukuze kufezekiswe imveliso eguquguqukayo. Umzekelo, kwishishini lokuvelisa nge-elektroniki, inkqubo yombono ingachonga ngokuchanekileyo indawo yephini kunye necala lezinto ezincinci ze-elektroniki, kwaye ikhokele irobhothi ukuba yenze imisebenzi ye-plug-in okanye ye-patch echanekileyo kakhulu; kwicandelo lokuhlela izinto, ngokubona ulwazi lodidi kunye nendawo yezinto, irobhothi ingahlela ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo kwaye ibeke izinto ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhlela kunye nokuchaneka, kwaye inciphise iindleko zokungenelela ngesandla.
(III) Itekhnoloji yokudibanisa ii-sensor ezininzi
Iindidi kunye nemisebenzi yee-sensors: Ukongeza kwii-sensors zokubona komatshini, ii-robots ze-servo zingaxhotyiswa nezinye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-sensors, ezifana nee-force sensors, ii-torque sensors, ii-proximity sensors, ii-pressure sensors, njl. Ii-force sensors kunye nee-torque sensors zinokujonga amandla kunye ne-torque enkulu yerobhothi ngexesha lokubamba nokusebenzisa izinto ngexesha langempela, zithintele into ekutyibilikeni okanye ekonakalisweni, kwaye zibonelele ngesiseko sokulawula amandla; ii-proximity sensors kunye nee-pressure sensors zisetyenziselwa ukubona umgama kunye noxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano phakathi kwerobhothi kunye nento, ukuqinisekisa ukuba irobhothi inokusondela ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuzinzileyo kwaye ibambe into ekujoliswe kuyo, iphephe ukungqubana kunye nokucinezelwa okugqithisileyo.
Indlela yokudibanisa kunye neenzuzo: Itekhnoloji yokudibanisa iisensor ezininzi isebenza ngokupheleleyo kwaye ihlalutye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zedatha yesensor, ivumela irobhothi ukuba iqonde ngokupheleleyo nangokuchanekileyo imeko-bume ejikelezileyo kunye nemeko yayo. Ngokusebenzisa ii-algorithms zokudibanisa idatha, ezifana nokucoca iKalman, iinethiwekhi ze-neural, njl.njl., ulwazi lweesensor ezahlukeneyo lunokulungiswa kwaye ludityaniswe ukuphucula ukuthembeka nokuchaneka kolwazi. Umzekelo, xa irobhothi yenza imisebenzi enzima yokuhlanganisa, idityaniswe nolwazi lwendawo yesensor ebonakalayo kunye nempendulo yamandla yesensor yamandla, ukugweba okupheleleyo kwenkqubo yolawulo kunokwenza irobhothi idibanise ngokuchanekileyo iindawo kwindawo ekhethiweyo ngamandla afanelekileyo kunye ne-engile, iphucula kakhulu izinga lempumelelo kunye nokuzinza komgangatho wendibano.
(IV) I-algorithm yokulawula intshukumo ephucukileyo
I-algorithm yokulawula esekwe kwimodeli: I-algorithm yokulawula intshukumo ephucukileyo yeyona nto iphambili ekuphunyezweni kolawulo olukrelekrele lweerobhothi ze-servo. Ii-algorithm zokulawula ezisekwe kwimodeli, ezifana nolawulo lwendlela yokutyibilika, ulawulo lokuphazamiseka kokuzikhusela, njl.njl., zinokucinezela ngempumelelo impembelelo yokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle kunye notshintsho lweparameter ekusebenzeni kolawulo ngokuseka ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuhlalutya imodeli eguquguqukayo yerobhothi, kunye nokuphucula ukuqina kunye nokuguquguquka kwerobhothi. Umzekelo, kwiindawo zemveliso yemizi-mveliso, xa irobhothi ibamba izinto ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo okanye iphazanyiswa ngumoya wangaphandle, i-algorithm yokulawula esekwe kwimodeli inokulungisa ngokukhawuleza icebo lokulawula ngokusekelwe kuqikelelo lwemodeli kunye nolwazi lwempendulo yexesha langempela ukuqinisekisa ukuba indlela yokuhamba kwerobhothi kunye nokuchaneka kokusebenza kwayo akuchaphazeleki kwaye kuhlala kugcinwa imeko yokusebenza ezinzileyo nethembekileyo.
I-algorithm yokulawula ekrelekrele: Ii-algorithms zokulawula ezikrelekrele, ezifana nolawulo olufiphele, ulawulo lwenethiwekhi ye-neural, ii-algorithms ze-genetic, njl.njl., zinamandla okufunda, ukuziqhelanisa nokuzilungiselela, kwaye zinokulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo iiparameter zolawulo kwaye zilungise amaqhinga olawulo ngokwendlela esebenza ngayo irobhothi. Ii-algorithms zokulawula ezifiphele zinokuchaza kwaye zigqibe iindlela zokuziphatha kwenkqubo yolawulo ezintsonkothileyo ngemithetho efipheleyo ngokusekelwe kumava obuchwephesha nolwazi lokufezekisa ulawulo olungelulo ulawuli lwerobhothi, ngakumbi olufanelekileyo kwiimeko zokusebenza ezintsonkothileyo ezinzima ukuseka iimodeli zezibalo ezichanekileyo; ulawulo lwenethiwekhi ye-neural lukhupha ngokuzenzekelayo ubudlelwane bemephu yokufaka kunye nemveliso yerobhothi ngokufunda nokuqeqesha inani elikhulu ledatha yesampulu, ukuze kufezekiswe ukuchongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lweepateni zokuhamba ezintsonkothileyo; ii-algorithms ze-genetic zingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ucwangciso lwendlela yokuhamba kwerobhothi kunye nokwenza ngcono iiparameter zolawulo, ukufumana iskimu solawulo esifanelekileyo, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kwerobhothi.
(V) Unxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi kunye netekhnoloji yokujonga kude
Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi: Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwe-intanethi yezoshishino, itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi idlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kulawulo olukrelekrele lweerobhothi ze-servo. Ngokwamkela iitekhnoloji zonxibelelwano ezifana ne-Ethernet kunye ne-fieldbus, irobhothi ye-servo inokuqhuba unxibelelwano lwedatha olukhawulezayo noluthembekileyo ngeekhompyutha eziphezulu, ii-PLC (abalawuli be-logic abacwangcisiweyo), abalawuli berobhothi kunye nezinye izixhobo, ukusebenzisana ngexesha langempela kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi. Umzekelo, Irobhothi Ingalayisha imeko yayo yokusebenza, ulwazi lwempazamo, idatha yemveliso, njl.njl. kwinkqubo yokubeka esweni ikhompyutha ephezulu ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ifumane imiyalelo yolawulo kunye neeparamitha zomsebenzi ezikhutshwe yikhompyutha ephezulu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okucwangcisiweyo nokuzenzekelayo kwenkqubo yonke yemveliso.
Ukubeka iliso nokusombulula iingxaki kude: Ngoncedo lwetekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi, abasebenzisi banokubona ukubeka iliso nokusombulula iingxaki kude kwiirobhothi ze-servo. Ngokubonisa iiparameter ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kunye nemeko yokusebenza kwerobhothi ngexesha langempela kwisoftware ephezulu yokubeka iliso kwikhompyutha, abaqhubi banokusebenza, balungise iimpazamo kwaye bajonge irobhothi bekwindawo ekude nendawo yemveliso, bafumane kwaye basombulule iingxaki ngexesha elifanelekileyo, banciphise ixesha lokungasebenzi, kwaye baphucule ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Ukongeza, inkqubo yokuxilonga iimpazamo esekelwe kuhlalutyo lwedatha enkulu kunye ne-algorithms yokufunda koomatshini inokukhangela nzulu kwaye ihlalutye idatha yokusebenza yembali kunye nedatha yokubeka iliso ngexesha langempela lerobhothi, iqikelele iingozi zokungaphumeleli kwangaphambili, inike inkxaso enamandla yokugcinwa kokuthintela, kwaye inciphise iindleko zokugcinwa kunye neengozi zomonakalo wezixhobo.

3. Iingenelo zolawulo olukrelekrele lweerobhothi ze-servo
(I) Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso
Iirobhothi ze-servo ezikrelekrele zinokufezekisa ukwenziwa kwesenzo ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo, zinciphise kakhulu ixesha lokugqiba umsebenzi. Kumgca wemveliso, ingasebenza ngokuzikhandla kwaye igcine isigqi semveliso esizinzileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza ngesandla, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunokuphuculwa amaxesha amaninzi okanye amashumi amaninzi, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso enkulu kunye nokuphucula ukhuphiswano lwemarike lweshishini.
Ngeendlela zokulawula intshukumo eziphambili kunye nocwangciso olucwangcisiweyo lwendlela, irobhothi inokuphepha iintshukumo ezingeyomfuneko kunye neendlela eziphambukayo, iphucule ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuguquguquka komsebenzi. Kwangaxeshanye, iirobhothi ezininzi ze-servo zinokufezekisa imisebenzi yokusebenzisana ngonxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi ukuze zigqibezele imisebenzi enzima yemveliso kunye, zifezekise ukwabiwa kwezixhobo zemveliso kunye nonxibelelwano olungenamthungo phakathi kweenkqubo zemveliso, kwaye ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yonke yemveliso.
(II) Ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso
Itekhnoloji yokulawula i-servo echanekileyo iqinisekisa ukuba irobhothi inokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo ngokweenkqubo ezimiselweyo kunye neeparamitha, ifezekisa izenzo zemveliso ezihambelanayo neziphindaphindwayo, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ngempumelelo ukuguquguquka komgangatho wemveliso okubangelwa zizinto zabantu okanye ukuchaneka kwezixhobo ezingazinzanga. Umzekelo, ngexesha lokucubungula nokuhlanganisa iindawo, irobhothi inokulawula ngokuchanekileyo izinga lokutya kwesixhobo, indawo yokufakela kunye ne-engile yeendawo, njl.njl., ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchaneka kobukhulu kunye nomgangatho wokuhlanganisa wemveliso nganye kuhlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo kwaye kuphuculwe izinga lokuvelisa kunye nokuthembeka kwemveliso.
Umsebenzi wokufumanisa umgangatho wenkqubo yokujonga umatshini unokwenza umsebenzi wangempela wokuhlola ukubonakala kwemveliso, ukulinganisa ubungakanani, ukuchonga iziphene kunye neminye imisebenzi ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso, ukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza iimveliso ezingafanelekiyo kunye nokuzihlola ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokuzisingatha, ukuthintela iimveliso ezimbi ukuba zingene kwinkqubo elandelayo okanye kwimarike, kunye nokuqinisekisa ngakumbi uzinzo kunye nokungaguquguquki komgangatho wemveliso. Ngokuhlalutya idatha yokufumanisa, inokubonelela ngesiseko sokwenza ngcono kunye nokuphucula iinkqubo zemveliso, incede amashishini aphucule umgangatho wemveliso ngokuqhubekayo.
(III) Ukuphucula ukuguquguquka kwemveliso
Inkqubo yokulawula ekrelekrele yeerobhothi ze-servo inokwakheka okuhle kunye nokukhula, kwaye inokuzivumelanisa ngokulula neemfuno zemveliso kunye notshintsho lwenkqubo yeemveliso ezahlukeneyo. Ngokutshintsha nje inkqubo yolawulo kunye nokulungisa iiparameter, irobhothi inokutshintsha imisebenzi yemveliso ngokukhawuleza, ifezekise imodeli yemveliso eguquguqukayo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neebhetshi ezincinci, kwaye ihlangabezane nemfuno ekhulayo yemarike yeemveliso ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezenzelwe wena. Umzekelo, kushishino lokuvelisa iimveliso ze-elektroniki, olujongene nokuhlaziywa okuqhubekayo kweemodeli zemveliso kunye neemfuno ezisebenzayo, amashishini angasebenzisa ukuguquguquka kweerobhothi ze-servo ukulungisa ngokukhawuleza ulwakhiwo lomgca wemveliso kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza, aqalise iimveliso ezintsha ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye athathe amathuba emarike.
Irobhothi ye-servo edibanisa umbono womatshini kunye netekhnoloji yokudibanisa ii-sensor ezininzi inombono oqinileyo wokusingqongileyo kunye nokuguquguquka, kwaye iyakwazi ukuchonga ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye iphathe iimeko ezahlukeneyo zemveliso ezinzima nezinokutshintsha. Nokuba kukuphambuka kwindawo yomsebenzi, utshintsho kwimilo, okanye utshintsho ekukhanyeni, kumaqondo obushushu nakwezinye iimeko zemeko yokusebenza, irobhothi ingawugqiba ngempumelelo umsebenzi ngokulungelelanisa amaqhinga olawulo kunye neendlela zokusebenza ngexesha langempela, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kungenelelo lwesandla kunye nokuphucula ukuguquguquka kunye nokuzenzekelayo kwemveliso.
(IV) Ukunciphisa ubunzima babasebenzi kunye neendleko zabasebenzi
Kwezinye iindawo zokusebenza eziyingozi, ezinzima okanye ezisebenza ngamandla aphezulu, ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukuphathwa kwemithwalo enzima okunobungozi, njl.njl., irobhothi ye-servo ingathatha indawo yokusebenza ngesandla, ikhulule abaqhubi kwimisebenzi enzima yomzimba nakwiindawo zokusebenza ezinobungozi obukhulu, inciphise ngempumelelo amandla abasebenzi, kwaye iqinisekise ukhuseleko lobomi babantu kunye nempilo yomzimba. Kwangaxeshanye, ngokwanda kwezinga lokusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo, imfuno yabasebenzi ngamashishini nayo iye yehla ngokufanelekileyo. Ngexesha elide, inokunciphisa kakhulu utyalo-mali lweendleko zabasebenzi kwaye iphucule iingenelo zoqoqosho zamashishini.
Ukongeza, iirobhothi ze-servo ezikrelekrele zinokwenza ukuphathwa, ukulayisha kunye nokukhupha izinto ngokuzenzekelayo, ukunciphisa inani labasebenzi abancedisayo kunye nabasebenzi abaphatha izinto ngokuzenzekelayo kumgca wemveliso. Ngokuqhagamshela ngaphandle komthungo neenkqubo zokugcina izinto ngokuzenzekelayo, imigca yemveliso ezenzekelayo kunye nezinye izixhobo, kwakhiwa inkqubo yemveliso ekrelekrele, inkqubo yemveliso iphuculwa ngakumbi, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso iyonke kuyaphucuka, kwaye iindleko zokusebenza zeshishini ziyancitshiswa.
(V) Ukukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwemveliso ekrelekrele kunye nolawulo lwamashishini
Njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokuvelisa ekrelekrele, iirobhothi ze-servo zinokudibana nzulu neenkqubo zolawulo lwemveliso zeshishini (ezifana ne-MES, i-ERP, njl.njl.) ukuze kufezekiswe ukuqokelelwa, ukuhanjiswa kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha yemveliso ngexesha langempela. Ngokusebenzisa idatha yemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo, amashishini anokuqonda ngokupheleleyo ulwazi olwahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yemveliso, njengokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, umgangatho wemveliso, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto, njl.njl., ukubonelela ngesiseko sesayensi sokwenziwa kwezicwangciso zemveliso, ukulungiswa kweshedyuli yemveliso, kunye nolawulo lokugcinwa kwezixhobo, kunye nokufezekisa izigqibo zemveliso kunye nolawulo ezikrelekrele.
Iirobhothi ze-servo ezikrelekrele nazo zikhuthaze amashishini ukuba aphuhlise iiworkshop zedijithali kunye neefektri ezikrelekrele. Iirobhothi ezininzi kunye nezixhobo ze-automation ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo, iirobhothi, njl.njl. zenza inethiwekhi yemveliso esebenza ngokubambisana nge-intanethi yemizi-mveliso, ifezekisa unxibelelwano kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi phakathi kwezixhobo, yenze inkqubo yemveliso kunye nemveliso esebenzayo, eguquguqukayo nekrelekrele. Le modeli yemveliso ekrelekrele ayinakuphucula kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yamashishini kunye nokuphucula ukhuphiswano lwemarike lwamashishini, kodwa ikwaqhuba ukuphuculwa kunye nophuhliso lwekhonkco lonke lemizi-mveliso kwaye ifake amandla amakhulu ekuguqulweni nasekuphuculweni kweshishini lemveliso.

4. Iimeko zesicelo kunye nohlalutyo lwamatyala olawulo olukrelekrele lweerobhothi ze-servo
(I) Ishishini lokuvelisa iimoto
Kwimveliso kunye nemveliso yezixhobo zezithuthi ezipheleleyo zeemoto, iirobhothi ze-servo zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekudibaniseni, ukugquma, ukuhlanganisa, ukuphatha kunye nezinye iikhonkco. Umzekelo, kwindawo yokusebenzela yokunxibela umzimba weemoto, iirobhothi ezininzi ze-servo zinokusebenza kunye, kwaye ngolawulo lokubeka indawo oluchanekileyo kunye nocwangciso oluzinzileyo lwendlela yokunxibela, ukunxibela ngokuzenzekelayo kwamalungu omzimba kuyafezekiswa. Umgangatho wokunxibela kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kuphezulu kakhulu kuneendlela zendabuko zokunxibela ngesandla. Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo yombono womatshini inokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ibeke izikhundla zamalungu omzimba, iqinisekise ukuba isinqe esichanekileyo sesixhobo sokunxibela kunye nokubekwa ngokuchanekileyo kwamanqaku okunxibela, kwaye iphucule ukuchaneka kokuhlanganiswa kunye nomgangatho womzimba ngokubanzi.
Kumgca wokuhlanganisa wenjini yemoto, irobhothi ye-servo inoxanduva lokufaka nokuqinisa izinto ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngeentloko zesilinda, ii-crankshafts, iintambo zokudibanisa, njl. kwiinkqubo zokuhlanganisa ezingqongqo kunye nolandelelwano. Ngokusekelwe kulawulo lwe-servo oluchanekileyo kunye netekhnoloji yokulawula impendulo ye-torque, irobhothi inokulawula ngokuchanekileyo amandla okuhlanganisa, iphephe umonakalo kunye nokukhululeka kwamalungu, kwaye iqinisekise umgangatho wokuhlanganisa kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza kwenjini. Ukongeza, ngokudityaniswa nenkqubo yolawulo lwemveliso, ukujonga idatha yemveliso kunye nesimo sezixhobo ngexesha langempela, ukulungiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwezicwangciso zemveliso kunye nokusombulula iingxaki kwinkqubo yemveliso, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nenqanaba lokuzenzekelayo komgca wokuhlanganisa wenjini kuyaphuculwa.
(II) Ishishini Lokuvelisa Izinto Ze-elektroniki
Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iimveliso ze-elektroniki, ezifana neefowuni eziphathwayo, iikhompyutha, izixhobo zasekhaya, njl.njl., iirobhothi ze-servo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiiplagi, iipetshi, ukuhlanganiswa, kunye novavanyo. Umzekelo, kwinkqubo yeplagi yebhodi yesekethe, iirobhothi ze-servo ezikhawulezayo nezichanekileyo zinokufaka ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo zebhodi yesekethe, kwaye ukuchaneka kweplagi kunokufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu, okuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Inkqubo yombono womatshini inokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ilungelelanise izikhundla zephedi kunye neephini zecandelo kwibhodi yesekethe, iqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kweplagi.
Ekuhlanganiseni nasekuhloleni iimveliso ze-elektroniki, irobhothi ye-servo inokuxhotyiswa ngee-effectors ezahlukeneyo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokuhlola, ezifana nee-screwdriver, ii-tweezers, ii-test probes, njl.njl., ukuze kufezekiswe ukuhlanganiswa okucokisekileyo kunye nokuhlolwa ngokuzenzekelayo kweemveliso ze-elektroniki. Ngokusebenzisa ii-algorithms zolawulo ezikrelekrele kunye netekhnoloji yempendulo ye-sensor, irobhothi inokulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo amandla okusebenza kunye neeparamitha zokufumanisa ngokweemodeli ezahlukeneyo zemveliso kunye neemfuno zokufumanisa, kwaye igqibezele imisebenzi enzima efana nokuqinisa izikrufu, ukufakelwa kwamacandelo, uvavanyo lokusebenza, njl.njl., okuphucula ukuguquguquka kunye nenqanaba lobukrelekrele bemveliso yamashishini emveliso ye-elektroniki, kunciphisa umjikelo wemveliso yemveliso, kwaye kunciphisa iindleko zemveliso.
(III) Ishishini lokutya neziselo
Kwimveliso, ukupakisha kunye nokuphatha ukutya neziselo, ukusetyenziswa kweerobhothi ze-servo kuya kusanda. Umzekelo, kwindawo yokusebenzela yokulungisa ukutya, irobhothi inokuba noxanduva lokwahlulahlula, ukubhokisa, ukufaka iibhegi kunye neminye imisebenzi yokutya okucutshungulwayo, kwaye amandla ayo okubamba nokuphatha ngokukhawuleza nangokuzinzileyo anokuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphezulu zemveliso yokutya. Kwangaxeshanye, izixhobo zomgangatho wokutya kunye noyilo olukhethekileyo lokukhusela luqinisekisa ukuba irobhothi inokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuthembekileyo kwiindawo ezinzima ezifana nokumanzi nokunamafutha, kwaye ithobela imigangatho yococeko kunye nokhuseleko lweshishini lokutya.
Kwimigca yokuvelisa iziselo kunye nokupakishwa, iirobhothi ze-servo ingakwazi ukulayisha, ukuphatha, ukupakisha kunye nokufaka iipalethi ngokuzenzekelayo kwiibhotile zesiselo. Ngokusebenzisa ulawulo lokudibanisa oomatshini bokugcwalisa, oomatshini bokupakisha kunye nezinye izixhobo, irobhothi ingakwazi ukulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo isigqi sokusebenza ngokwesantya somgca wemveliso, kwaye ikwazi ukufezekisa inkqubo yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nemveliso eqhubekayo. Ukongeza, xa idibene netekhnoloji yokuqaphela okubonakalayo kunye nenkqubo yokulawula irobhothi, izandla zerobhothi zinokuzivumelanisa ngokulula neemfuno zokupakisha iibhotile zesiselo zeenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo kunye neemilo, ziphucule ukuguquguquka kunye nokuguquguquka komgca wemveliso, kwaye zinciphise iindleko zotyalo-mali lwezixhobo zenkampani.
(IV) Ushishino lwezoThutho kunye neNdawo yokugcina impahla
Kwiziko lezothutho kunye nokugcina impahla, iirobhothi ze-servo zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuphatheni imithwalo, ukucwangcisa, ukufaka iipalethi kunye nemisebenzi yokungena nokuphuma kwindawo yokugcina impahla. Umzekelo, kwindawo yokugcina impahla enkulu ezenzekelayo enamacala amathathu, ii-stackers eziqhutywa yi-servo kunye neelori ze-shuttle zinokwenza ukugcinwa nokuphathwa kweempahla ngokufanelekileyo phakathi kweeshelufu, kwaye ulawulo lwazo oluchanekileyo lokubeka kunye nobuchule bokusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu buphucula kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwendawo kunye nokugcinwa kwemithwalo kwindawo yokugcina impahla. Kwangaxeshanye, ngokuthunyelwa kunye nomyalelo wenkqubo yolawulo lwendawo yokugcina impahla, irobhothi ingasebenza ngokubambisana neebhanti zokuhambisa impahla, ukucwangcisa iirobhothi kunye nezinye izixhobo ukuze kufezekiswe ukuhlelwa nokusasazwa kweempahla ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwempahla kunye nomgangatho wenkonzo.
Kwicandelo le-express logistics, iirobhothi ezikrelekrele zokwahlulahlula zidibanisa umbono womatshini kunye netekhnoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa ukuze zichonge ngokukhawuleza i-barcode, ikhowudi ye-QR okanye ulwazi lomfanekiso weepakethe ze-express, kwaye zihlela ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zihlele imisebenzi ngokusekelwe kulwazi oluya apho ziya khona. Isantya sokwahlulahlula kunye nokuchaneka kuphezulu kakhulu kunendlela yokwahlulahlula ngesandla. Oku akuphuculi nje kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkampani zokuhambisa nge-express kwaye kunciphisa iindleko zomsebenzi, kodwa kunciphisa izikhalazo zabathengi kunye nelahleko ezibangelwa ziimpazamo zokwahlulahlula, kwaye kuphucula ukhuphiswano lwemarike yenkampani.

5. Iindlela zophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kunye namathuba
(I) Inqanaba eliphezulu lobukrelekrele
Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso kwitekhnoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, iirobhothi ze-servo ziya kuba nobuchule bokufunda obuqinileyo kunye nobuchule bokuqonda. Ii-algorithms zokufunda eziqinisiweyo ziya kusetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ngcono ulawulo lweerobhothi, ezivumela ukuba zilungelelanise ngokuzenzekelayo amaqhinga olawulo kunye neepatheni zokuziphatha ngokusebenzisana okuqhubekayo nokufunda nokusingqongileyo ukuze zilungelelanise neemfuno zomsebenzi ezintsonkothileyo nezitshintshayo kunye neemeko zomsebenzi. Umzekelo, iirobhothi zinokufunda ngokuzimeleyo indlela yokubamba, izakhono zokusebenza kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, ziphucule ngokuqhubekayo ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokuguquguquka, kwaye zinciphise ukuxhomekeka kwazo kwiinkqubo zabantu kunye nokulungisa iimpazamo.
Itekhnoloji yokusebenzisana phakathi kwabantu neekhompyutha iya kuphuhliswa ngakumbi kwaye ithandwe. Irobhothi ye-servo yexesha elizayo ayisayi kuba zizixhobo ezizimeleyo zokwenza izinto, kodwa iqabane elikrelekrele elinokusebenza ngokusondeleyo nangokukhuselekileyo nabaqhubi babantu. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela zemvelo zokunxibelelana phakathi kwabantu neekhompyutha, njengokulawula ilizwi, ukuqaphela imiqondiso, ujongano lwengqondo neekhompyutha kunye nezinye iitekhnoloji, abaqhubi banokuyalela iirobhothi ukuba zigqibe imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ngokulula nangokulula, zifezekise iingenelo ezihambelanayo phakathi kwabantu neekhompyutha. Kwangaxeshanye, irobhothi iya kuba nokuqonda okuphezulu kokhuseleko kunye nokukwazi ukuzikhusela, kwaye inokujonga indawo kunye nokuhamba kwabantu abangqongileyo ngexesha langempela xa yabelana ngendawo yokusebenza nabantu, ilungise ngokuzenzekelayo isantya kunye namandla okusebenza, kwaye iqinisekise ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwentsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu neekhompyutha.
(II) Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nesantya
Ukuphuhlisa ii-servo motors kunye nabaqhubi abasebenza kakuhle, ukuphucula uxinano lwe-torque, uxinano lwamandla kunye nesantya sokuphendula kwemoto, ngelixa kunciphisa ukungcangcazela kunye nengxolo yemoto kuya kuba yenye yeendlela eziphambili zophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lweerobhothi ze-servo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zeemoto kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa, ezifana nezixhobo zemagnethi ezihlala zingaqhelekanga zomhlaba, iibheringi zesantya esiphezulu, iteknoloji yokuguqula isantya esiphezulu, kuya kuphucula ngakumbi izalathisi zokusebenza kwee-servo motors kwaye kubonelele ngenkxaso enamandla kwiirobhothi ukuze kufezekiswe ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokuhamba kunye nesantya.
Ngokuphathelele ii-algorithms zolawulo, amaqhinga olawulo lwentshukumo aphucukileyo aza kuphononongwa rhoqo kwaye aqanjwe, njengokusetyenziswa kwe-fusion yee-algorithms ngokusekelwe kulawulo lokuqikelela imodeli, ulawulo oluguquguqukayo, ulawulo lwesakhiwo esiguquguqukayo semowudi eshelelayo kunye nezinye ii-algorithms, ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo oluchanekileyo kunye nolwenziwe ngcono lweempawu eziguquguqukayo zerobhothi, kunye nokuphucula uzinzo kunye nokuchaneka kokulandelela umkhondo werobhothi kwisantya esiphezulu kunye nentshukumo echanekileyo. Ukongeza, ngokuphucula uyilo lwesakhiwo kunye nenkqubo yokudlulisela irobhothi, ukunciphisa ukucaca koomatshini kunye nokuhambelana kwexesha elinzima kuya kunceda ukuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo kunye nokuchaneka kolawulo lwerobhothi.
(III) Ukuqonda okunamandla kunye nokukwazi ukusebenzisana
Ukuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji ye-sensor kuya kuyiphucula kakhulu indlela iirobhothi ze-servo ezibona ngayo izinto. Ukongeza kwii-sensors ezikhoyo ezifana nombono, amandla, isikhundla, kunye nesantya, kuya kuvela ezinye ii-sensors ezintsha nezisebenza kakuhle kwixesha elizayo, ezifana nee-sensors ezichukumisayo, ii-sensors ezivumbayo, ii-sensors zobushushu, njl.njl., nto leyo evumela iirobhothi ukuba ziqonde ngokupheleleyo nangokucokisekileyo iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba nezekhemikhali zendalo esingqongileyo kunye nezinto, zibonelela ngenkxaso yolwazi olutyebileyo lokufezekisa imisebenzi enxulumeneyo neyokwenyani neyokwendalo.
Ukuhlanganiswa okunzulu kwetekhnoloji ye-virtual reality (VR)/Augmented Reality (AR) kunye neerobhothi ze-servo kuya kubonelela abaqhubi ngamava asebenzisekayo nangenangqiqo. Ngokunxiba izixhobo ze-VR/AR, abaqhubi banokujonga indawo yomsebenzi kunye nolwazi lwemeko yerobhothi ngexesha langempela, kwaye balawule kude irobhothi ukuze bagqibezele imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo enzima ngemiyalelo okanye imiqondiso ebonakalayo, ngokungathi iyangena. Le ndlela yokusebenzisana yokudibanisa i-virtual kunye neyokwenyani iya kuba namathuba abanzi okusetyenziswa kutyando lwe-telemedicine, ukuhlola isithuba, imisebenzi yolwandle olujulileyo kunye neminye imimandla, ukwandisa ububanzi besicelo kunye nexabiso leerobhothi ze-servo.
(IV) Izicelo ezixhaphakileyo zoshishino
Ngenxa yokuvuthwa okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji yerobhothi ye-servo kunye nokuncipha kancinci kweendleko, iindawo zayo zokusetyenziswa ziya kuqhubeka nokukhula kwaye zingene kumashishini amaninzi. Ukongeza kumashishini emveli okuvelisa kunye nokuhambisa izinto kunye neendawo zokugcina impahla, ezolimo, amahlathi, ukuloba, ezonyango kunye nempilo, ulwakhiwo, i-aerospace kunye namanye amashishini aya kuba linqanaba elitsha leerobhothi ze-servo ukubonisa amandla azo.
Kwintsimi yezolimo, iirobhothi ze-servo zingasetyenziswa ekutyaleni, ekuqokeleleni, ekuhleleni, ekupakisheni nakwezinye iinkalo zezityalo ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yezolimo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yezolimo, kunye nokunciphisa ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi; kwicandelo lezonyango nezempilo, iirobhothi zinokunceda oogqirha kwimisebenzi yotyando, uqeqesho lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo, ukusasazwa kwamayeza kunye neminye imisebenzi, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho kunye nokuchaneka kweenkonzo zonyango; kwishishini lokwakha, iirobhothi zinokuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yokwakha efana nokuphatha, ukufakela, ukuwelda izinto zokwakha, kunye nokuphucula imeko yokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lokwakha lwabasebenzi bokwakha; kwicandelo leenqwelo moya, iirobhothi ze-servo ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo ziya kudlala indima engenakutshintshwa kwimveliso yesathelayithi, ukuhlanganiswa kweenqwelo moya, ukuhlola isithuba, njl.njl., kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lweshishini leenqwelo moya zabantu.