Ukutolikwa kweendlela zokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle iirobhothi ze-servo ezine-axis ezintathu

Utshintsho kwiMigaqo-nkqubo yoRhwebo lweHlabathi: Ukutolikwa kweeNdlela zokungenisa nokuthumela iiRobhothi zeServo ezi-Three-Axis

I. Utshintsho kwiMigaqo-nkqubo yoRhwebo: Ikrele elinohlangothi oluphindwe kabini kwiHlabathi liphela Irobhothi Mi-arket

Imarike yehlabathi yeerobhothi ze-servo ezijikeleze i-three-axis ngo-2025 ichaphazeleka kakhulu liza lohlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo wezorhwebo. Uqoqosho oluphuhlileyo, olumelwe yi-United States, lwenze uhlengahlengiso olukhulu lomgaqo-nkqubo. Uluhlu lwerhafu olukhutshwe ngo-Epreli lubandakanye ngokucacileyo iirobhothi zoshishino kunye nezinto eziphambili kuluhlu lweerhafu ezongezelelweyo, nto leyo ebangele ukwehla kwama-60% kwiiodolo zokuthumela iirobhothi zaseTshayina e-US. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo uqhubeka nengqiqo yokucinezela yemfazwe yorhwebo ka-2018, kodwa ugxile ngakumbi kumandla eTshayina kwiindawo ezifana nokuvelisa ngobuchule. Okwangoku, iYurophu idala imiqobo yorhwebo eluhlaza ngeRhafu yeCarbon Border (CBAM), ifuna ngokungathanga ngqo iirobhothi ezingenisiweyo ukuba zihlangabezane nemigangatho ephezulu yokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. UMthetho we-CHIPS waseMntla Melika, ngokuthintela ukuthunyelwa kwee-chips eziphezulu, uthintele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe Iteknoloji yeRobhothii-nology ixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zolawulo ezikrelekrele.

Iindlela zemigaqo-nkqubo kwiimarike ezisakhasayo zibonisa umfanekiso owahlukileyo. Amazwe akwiBelt and Road Initiative, afana neThailand neIndonesia, atsala utyalo-mali kwizixhobo ezizenzekelayo ngokulungelelanisa ukuvunywa kokungeniswa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kunye nokubonelela ngokukhululwa kwirhafu. Ngowama-2025, ukuthunyelwa kweerobhothi zoshishino eTshayina kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia kuya kwanda ngama-32% unyaka nonyaka, kunye ii-servo manipulators ezine-axis ezintathu kuba lolona khetho luphambili ngenxa yeenzuzo zazo zeendleko. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, imigaqo-nkqubo ekhethekileyo yokuvelisa izinto ngobuchule kunye nezikhuthazo zokuthumela ngaphandle ezingenanto eziqaliswe yiSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi laseTshayina zakha isakhelo somgaqo-nkqubo esiphindwe kabini "sokukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwasekhaya kunye nokwandisa iimarike zaphesheya," nto leyo enyanzelisa izinga lokwenziwa kwezinto eziphambili ukuba zidlule kwi-45% ekupheleni kuka-2025.

II. Iindlela Zokungenisa Nokuthumela Ngaphandle: Ingcamango Yokuhlengahlengisa Imarike Esemva Kwedatha

(I) Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe: Ukusuka ekuxhomekekeni komnye ukuya ekwahlukahlukeni

Imeko yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kwihlabathi liphela itshintsha kakhulu. Iimarike eziphambili zemveli zijongene neengxaki ezinkulu: Iirhafu zichaphazela imarike yaseMntla Melika, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwehleni kwe-14% kokuthengwa kweerobhothi ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye Ii-Axes ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu. Nangona iirobhothi ezinee-axis ezintathu ziye zafumana ikhefu lexeshana kuba azizo iimveliso eziphambili, ukukhuphisana kwazo ngexabiso kuye kwehla kakhulu yirhafu ye-25%-35%. EYurophu, echaphazeleka yingxaki yamandla kunye neemeko zezopolitiko, ukuthengwa kweerobhothi ezivela eTshayina kulindeleke ukuba kwehla unyaka nonyaka ngo-2025, apho kuphela imfuno yeerobhothi zokudibanisa ngokuchanekileyo kwizithuthi ezintsha zamandla ezigcina ukukhula.

Iimarike ezisakhasayo ziba ngundoqo ekuphumezeni le ngxaki. Umzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, oqhutywa kukwanda kweshishini layo lokuvelisa iikhontrakthi ze-elektroniki, uqhuba ukunyuka kokungeniswa kweerobhothi ze-servo ezine-axis ezintathu. Umenzi wekhontrakthi ye-elektroniki waseVietnam ubone ukunyuka kwama-58% okuthengwa kweerobhothi ngonyaka ka-2025, ama-80% azo ebeziimodeli ezine-axis ezintathu. I-Latin America ijongene nokunyuka kwama-40% ngonyaka kwemfuno yeerobhothi ezine-axis ezintathu ezinoqoqosho njengoko ukwenziwa kwezixhobo zeemoto kuphucula ukwenziwa kwazo ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngokwembono yemveliso, isabelo sokuthumela kwamanye amazwe seerobhothi ezikrelekrele ezine-axis ezintathu ezinesikhokelo sokubona kulindeleke ukuba sinyuke ukusuka kuma-22% ngo-2024 ukuya kuma-35% ngo-2025, sibe licandelo elinexabiso eliphezulu.

(II) Ukungenisa: Ukutshintshwa Okukhawulezileyo Phakathi Kokhuphiswano Lweteknoloji Engundoqo

Amazwe aphuhlileyo asalawula ukungeniswa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kwimarike ephezulu. Iirobhothi zeservo ezichanekileyo kakhulu ezivela kwiFANUC yaseJapan kunye neKUKA yaseJamani, ngokuchaneka kwazo kokubeka indawo okungu-±0.01mm, zibanga i-80% yezinto ezithunyelwa eTshayina kwicandelo lokupakisha nokuvavanya i-semiconductor. Ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kwazo kubuchwepheshe bokuvelisa obuphambili, ezi mveliso akunakwenzeka ukuba zitshintshwe ngokupheleleyo kwixesha elifutshane. Nangona kunjalo, ukutshintshwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kwimarike ephakathi kufikelele kwiziphumo ezibalulekileyo: ngo-2025, izinga lokutshintshwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe laseTshayina kwiirobhothi ezi-axis ezintathu liza kufikelela kwi-68%, kwaye isabelo sabavelisi beenkqubo zeservo zasekhaya siya kudlula i-35%. Iimveliso ezivela kwiinkampani ezifana ne-Inovance Technology sele zithathe indawo yePanasonic kunye neMitsubishi ngokuyinxenye.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wezorhwebo uye waba sisiqalelo sokutshintshwa. Ukubekwa kwerhafu yi-US kwiinxalenye eziphambili kukhokelele "ekuguqulweni kwerhafu"—izinga lerhafu yokungenisa izixhobo ezipheleleyo liphantsi kunelo leenxalenye, nto leyo enyanzela iinkampani ukuba zikhawulezise imveliso yasekhaya. Umzekelo, ukuzinza komthwalo wezixhobo zokunciphisa ukuchaneka eziveliswa ekhaya kunyuke ngama-40% xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2020, kwaye ngoku zilingana neemveliso ezivela kwiHarmony Systems yaseJapan kwimarike yokuhlanganisa izixhobo ze-elektroniki ze-3C, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukuxhomekeka kweTshayina ekungeniseni impahla kwehle ukusuka kuma-59% ngo-2021 ukuya kuma-32% ngo-2025.

III. Uphuhliso lweTekhnoloji kunye neMarike oluqhutywa yiMigaqo-nkqubo

(I) Utshintsho lweTekhnoloji: Uphuhliso lweZinto ezintsha oluqhutywa yiNkqubo

Izithintelo zerhafu kunye nokuvalwa kwezobuchwepheshe kuye kwakhawulezisa ukuphuculwa kwezobuchwepheshe kweerobhothi ze-servo ezine-axis ezintathu. Ngokuphathelele ukuchaneka kolawulo, iinkampani zasekhaya ziphucule ukuphindaphindeka ukusuka ku-±0.02mm ukuya ku-±0.01mm ngokusebenzisa ii-algorithms ezizimeleyo, zisondela kwimigangatho yehlabathi. Ngokuphathelele ubukrelekrele, izinga lokungena kweenkqubo zolawulo ezifakiweyo liza kunyuka ukusuka kwi-31% ngo-2023 ukuya kwi-57% ngo-2025, kwaye iimodeli ezixhasa ukuxilongwa okukude kunye nokufunda ngokwakho ziya kufuna iprimiyamu yokuthumela ngaphandle ye-30%.

Utshintsho oluluhlaza lube yinzuzo entsha yokhuphiswano kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukuphendula kwiirhafu zekhabhoni zaseYurophu, iinkampani ziye zaqalisa iimodeli ezixhotyiswe ngee-servo motors ezonga amandla, ezisebenzisa amandla angaphantsi ngama-25% kuneemveliso zemveli. Zikwasebenzisa imizimba ye-aluminium alloy ephinda isetyenziswe ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Ezi robots "ezinekhabhoni ephantsi" sele zithatha i-18% yee-odolo eJamani naseFransi. Uyilo lweModular luye lwaba yinto eqhelekileyo, olwenza ukuba iimodeli zitshintshe ngokukhawuleza ukuze zilungele iindawo zokusebenza ezininzi, zinciphisa ixesha lokusetyenziswa ukusuka kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe ukuya kwezimbini, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zithandwe phakathi kwamashishini amancinci naphakathi.

(II) Isicwangciso seMarike: Ukusuka kwiNkathalo eNgenzi nto ukuya kwiNkqubo eziSebenzayo

Iinkampani eziphambili ziseke inkqubo yokuphendula umgaqo-nkqubo evuthiweyo. Ngokuphathelele ukusasazwa kwamandla, iinkampani ezifana neRoborock kunye ne-Efort ziseke iifektri eVietnam naseMexico, ziphepha iirhafu zase-US ngokusebenzisa "imveliso yasekuhlaleni + ukuthengiswa kwengingqi." Ngowama-2025, iindleko zokuthumela ngaphandle ezivela kwisiseko sabo saseVietnam ukuya e-US zehle nge-18%. Ngokuphathelele uphuhliso lwemarike, baseke inethiwekhi yenkonzo yasekhaya yeBelt and Road Initiative, baseka amaziko okulungisa eThailand naseMalaysia, benciphisa amaxesha okuphendula ukusuka kwiiyure ezingama-48 ukuya kwiiyure ezi-8.

Uyilo lwemodeli yeshishini luphucula ukuqina komngcipheko. Inani leenkonzo zokuqeshisa liza kunyuka ukusuka kwi-9% ngo-2023 ukuya kwi-18% ngo-2025. Ngokusebenzisa iipakethe ezihlanganisiweyo "zehardware + software + maintenance", inkampani inyuse ukugcinwa kwabathengi ukuya kwi-72% kwimarike yaseIndiya. Inkqubo "yentlawulo ekumgangatho ophezulu", eyenzelwe abathengi abancinci nabaphakathi, inciphise umda wokuthenga kwaye iqhubele phambili ukunyuka kwentengiso ngama-65% kwimarike yaseBrazil.

IV. Isikhokelo Sokuqikelela Intsingiselo Yonyaka Ka-2026 kunye Neempendulo Zeshishini

(I) Iindlela Ezintathu Eziphambili

Iipateni zorhwebo ezikwimimandla ziyaqala ukubonakala: UMntla Melika neYurophu ziya kwenza iimarike zemimandla ezinemiqobo ephezulu yetekhnoloji, ngelixa uMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia kunye neLatin America ziya kuba ziimarike ezikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kulindeleke ukuba iimarike ezikhulayo ziza kubalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-45% yeempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2026.

Ukulwela ukulawula imigangatho yobugcisa kuya kusanda: Irobhothi esebenzisanayo Iprotokholi yonxibelelwano ekhokelwa yiTshayina kulindeleke ukuba ibe ngumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe, inike ii-manipulators ze-three-axis ithuba lokuhambelana kwe-interface. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweemodeli ezinxulumeneyo kulindeleke ukuba kukhule ngama-40% ngo-2026.

Ukuphumelela kwizinto eziphambili: Amanqanaba okufumaneka kweendawo zeemoto ze-servo kunye nezinciphisi zokuchaneka aza kufikelela kwi-42% kunye ne-48%, ngokwahlukeneyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni okungakumbi kwe-15% kwiindleko zoomatshini iyonke kunye nokuphucula ngakumbi ukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe.

(II) Iingcebiso Ezisebenzayo Zamashishini

Uyilo lweMarike: Phuhlisa icebo "lokugcina isabelo semarike kwiimarike zaseYurophu naseMelika ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngelixa ubamba ukukhula kwiimarike ezisakhulayo," ugxile kwiindawo ezintathu eziphambili: iThailand (ukwenziwa kwezinto ze-elektroniki), iMexico (izixhobo zeemoto), kunye neTurkey (ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zasekhaya). Icebo leMveliso: Yenza ngokwezifiso iimodeli zeemarike ezahlukeneyo. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-US kugxile "kwiimodeli ezisisiseko ezingabizi kakhulu" ukunciphisa iindleko; ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eYurophu kubeka phambili "iimodeli ezinekhabhoni ephantsi, ezikrelekrele" ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo; kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eMzantsi-mpuma Asia kugxininisa "iimodeli ezizinzileyo nezinoqoqosho" ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye nomswakama ophezulu.

Ulawulo lokuThotyelwa kweMithetho: Misela indlela yokubeka esweni eguquguqukayo yemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo lwehlabathi, igxile ekulandeleleni uphando lweCandelo lama-301 lase-US kunye nohlaziyo loluhlu lwe-EU CBAM, kunye nokugqibezela ukuqinisekiswa kwemveliso kunye nokucwangciswa kwerhafu kwangaphambili.