Ukuqeshisa okwethutyana iiTreyila ezincinci ezibandayo ngexesha leMibhiyozo

Ukuqeshisa okwethutyana iiTreyila ezincinci ezibandayo ngexesha leMibhiyozo

1. Izinto ezibangela iMfuno yeXeshana eBandayo kuQoqosho lweMinyhadala yeHlabathi

2. Iimpawu zokusetyenziswa kweetreyila ezincinci ezifrijiweyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zomnyhadala

3. Izinto Eziphambili Ezichaphazela Izigqibo Zokuqeshisa Neemfuno Eziphambili Zabasebenzisi

4. Ubukhulu obuphambili boKhuphiswano lweMarike kunye neendlela zokwahluka kweenkonzo

5. Amathuba OkuKhula Kwemarike kunye Nezikhokelo Zokutsha Kwezobuchwepheshe Kwiminyaka Emi-3-5 Ezayo

I. Izinto ezibangela iMfuno yeXeshana eBandayo kuQoqosho lweMinyhadala yeHlabathi

Ihlabathi liphela itreyila efrijini Imakethi yokurenta iyanda kwi-CAGR ye-6.13%, ifikelela kubungakanani bemakethi be-US $5.9 yezigidigidi ngo-2025 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba idlule kwi-US $7.95 yezigidigidi ngo-2030. Iminyhadala kunye neziganeko, njengemeko ephambili yemfuno yexeshana yentsimbi ebandayo, ziqhutywa zizinto ezintathu eziphambili:

Ukwanda okunzulu kokusetyenziswa: Imicimbi efana neminyhadala yomculo, iminyhadala yokutya, kunye neminyhadala yonqulo idla ngokutsala amashumi ukuya kumakhulu amawaka abantu abathatha inxaxheba kwixesha elifutshane. Ukunikezelwa kwangoko kwezithako ezintsha, iziselo eziqandisiweyo, kunye nokutya okulungisiweyo kuxhomekeke kwinkxaso eguquguqukayo yetsheyini ebandayo. Iitreyila ezincinci ezifrijiweyo (umthamo womthwalo weetoni ezi-2-10) zezona zikhethwayo kubaququzeleli beminyhadala ngenxa yokuba zifanelekile ukuthuthwa komgama omfutshane kunye nemida yendawo.

Imithetho engqongqo yokhuseleko lokutya: Amazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela anyanzelisa imigangatho enyanzelekileyo yokulawula ubushushu bokutya kwemikhosi. Umzekelo, i-EU ifuna ukuba ukutya okonakalayo kugcinwe kwi-0-4℃ kuyo yonke inkqubo. Inkqubo yokujonga ubushushu ekude (ukulayisha idatha ngexesha langempela + isaziso esingaqhelekanga) seetreyila ezincinci ezifrijini inokunceda abaququzeleli ukunciphisa iingozi zokuthobela imithetho.

Ingqiqo yeshishini yokuphucula iindleko: Imfuno yeminyhadala ebandayo yeminyhadala kunye neziganeko ibonakaliswa "yindlela yexesha elifutshane, eqhutywa yincopho". Imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali lwezinto ezizinzileyo ezifana nezixhobo zokukhenkceza ingaphantsi kwama-30%, ngelixa ukuqeshisa kunokuguqula iindleko zeminyhadala ebandayo zibe ziindleko eziguquguqukayo, kunciphisa umngcipheko wokungahlali kakuhle kwezixhobo kunye noxinzelelo lokugcinwa.

II. Iimpawu zokusetyenziswa kweetreyila ezincinci ezifrijiweyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zomnyhadala

Imfuno yokurenta iitreyila ezincinci ezifrijiweyo iyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomnyhadala. Iimeko eziphambili zingahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezine:

Iminyhadala yokutya/Iminyhadala yoBhiya: Le minyhadala ifuna ukugcinwa ngaxeshanye kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya, ngokuqhelekileyo ifuna iindawo ezinamaqondo obushushu amaninzi ukusuka kwi -18℃ (inyama eqandisiweyo) ukuya kwi-10℃ (iziqhamo nemifuno emitsha). Amaxesha okuqesha agxininiswa kwiintsuku ezi-3-7, kunye nomyinge wokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla wemisebenzi yokulayisha nokukhupha impahla eyi-4-6. Eminye iminyhadala ephezulu ikwafuna izinto ezifana nezikhuseli zeekona zentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye neebhokisi ezigqunyiweyo ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kolondolozo.

Iminyhadala/Imicimbi Yemidlalo Yangaphandle: Iindawo zihlala zikwiindawo ezisemaphandleni okanye kwiindawo zokwakha zexeshana, zifuna ukuhambahamba kweetreyila okuphezulu kakhulu. Uyilo oluncinci (ububanzi ≤ 2.5 yeemitha) kunye neeyunithi zokukhenkceza ezizimeleyo (azixhomekekanga kumandla angaphandle) zezona zinto ziphambili zokukhetha. Imfuno yokurenta idla ngokuhamba nee-odolo ezingxamisekileyo "zokurenta nokuhambisa" (eziphendula kwiiyure ezingama-24). Iminyhadala Yenkolo/Yenkcubeko: Eminye iminyhadala ibandakanya ukugcinwa okwahlukileyo kwezithako ezikhethekileyo (ezifana nokutya kwe-halal kunye nezithako zemifuno), ezifuna iitreyila ezinezahlulo ezisuswayo kunye nezakhono zokucoca ngokunzulu. Amaxesha okurenta adla ngokuhambelana nexesha lomnyhadala (iiveki ezi-1-2), kwaye kukho iimfuno ezongezelelweyo zokucoceka komphandle wesithuthi.
Iintengiso/Imicimbi yeMarike yokuphela konyaka: Iimfuno zokwandiswa kwexeshana kweevenkile ezibandayo, ikakhulu ukutya okupakishwe kwiipakeji kunye ne-ayisikhrim, zibeka phambili iinkonzo ezinexesha eliguquguqukayo lokuqeshisa (elihlawuliswa ngosuku/iyure). Abanye abathengi bakwacela iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo zexabiso ezifana nokuhanjiswa kwabaqhubi kunye nokutshaja rhoqo.

III. Izinto Eziphambili Ezichaphazela Izigqibo Zokuqeshisa Neemfuno Eziphambili Zabasebenzisi

Xa ukhetha iinkonzo zokuqesha iitreyila ezincinci ezifrijini, abaququzeleli beminyhadala babeka phambili iinkalo ezintathu:
Ukuthembeka noKhuseleko (Ubunzima obuyi-40%): Eyona nto iphambili ijoliswe ekuzinzeni kwenkqubo yokukhenkceza (iiyunithi zokukhenkceza ezingenisiweyo zinezinga lokusilela eliphantsi ngama-30% kunezasekhaya), ukusebenza kokutywina kwesikhongozeli esigqunyiweyo (imigangatho yeshishini ifuna ukuguquguquka kobushushu kwiiyure ezingama-24 ≤1℃), kunye nokuba ngaba amandla okuxhasa kunye neenkonzo zokulungisa ezingxamisekileyo ziyabonelelwa na ukuthintela ukonakala kokutya ngenxa yokusilela kwezixhobo.

Ukuguquguquka kunye nokuZivumelanisa nezimo (Ubunzima 35%): Izicwangciso zokuqeshisa kufuneka zixhase iikhontrakthi zexesha elifutshane (usuku olu-1 - inyanga e-1), iindawo eziguquguqukayo zokuthatha nokulahla (indawo yesiganeko/indawo yokugcina impahla/indawo yokubeka impahla ekhethiweyo), kunye nokukwazi ukulungisa inani lezithuthi ngokuhambelana nenani labathathi-nxaxheba (ngokuvamile ukugcina i-20% yokungasebenzi). Uyilo olukhaphukhaphu lweetreyila ezincinci (≤3 tons) luvumela ukurhuqwa ziilori ezincinci, nto leyo enciphisa imida yokufikelela kwindawo.

Ukucaca kweendleko kunye nokungafihlisi kwenkonzo (Ubunzima obuyi-25%): Ulwakhiwo lwerenti kufuneka luchazwe ngokucacileyo (irenti esisiseko + umrhumo weemayile + umrhumo wenkonzo eyongezelelweyo). Izinga eliqhelekileyo lokurentisa imihla ngemihla kwiindawo zokurentisa ixesha elide (ngaphezulu kweveki enye) kufuneka libe ngaphantsi ngama-20%-30% kuneendawo zokurentisa zosuku olunye. Abasebenzisi ngokubanzi bafuna iinkonzo ezicacileyo ezifana nemibuzo yokuhlawula ngexesha langempela kunye neengxelo zokulandelela idatha yobushushu. Eminye imicimbi emikhulu ikwafuna iinkampani zokurentisa ukuba zibonelele nge-inshurensi yoxanduva.

IV. Ubukhulu obuphambili boKhuphiswano lweMarike kunye neendlela zokwahluka kweenkonzo

Okwangoku, ukhuphiswano kwimarike yokuqeshisa iitreyila ezincinci ezifrijiweyo kwihlabathi liphela lugxile kwiinkalo ezintathu eziphambili, apho umahluko uba sisitshixo sempumelelo:

Ukuphuculwa kobuChwepheshe beZixhobo: Iinkampani eziphambili ziqalile ukusebenzisa iimodeli ezintsha zezithuthi zamandla (iseli yamafutha ombane/ihydrogen). Iimpawu zazo eziphantsi zengxolo kunye nokungabikho kokukhutshwa komoya zifanelekile ngakumbi kwiminyhadala nakwiziganeko kwiindawo eziphambili zasezidolophini. Kwangaxeshanye, ukudibanisa ii-terminals ze-IoT ebhodini kuvumela ukujonga kathathu "indawo + ubushushu + imeko yokusebenza," kwandisa ixesha lokusebenza kweeasethi ukuya ngaphezulu kwama-95%. Uyilo lweModeli yeNkonzo: Sinikezela "ngesisombululo se-cold chain yefestival enye," egubungela yonke inkqubo ukusuka kuphando lwesiza sokuqala kunye noyilo lwenkqubo yokufriji ukuya ekuthunyelweni kwezithuthi kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa kwindawo. Ezinye iinkampani zibonelela ngotshintsho lwezithuthi olulungiselelwe wena (njengokongeza iifestile zokubonisa kunye namaqonga okukhupha izinto eziphathwayo) ukuze zilungele iimfuno zeminyhadala ekhethekileyo.

Intsebenziswano yeNethiwekhi yeSithili: Ngokwakha inethiwekhi yenkonzo yesithili (isangqa sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza esingama-30 eekhilomitha), sijongana nexesha elifanelekileyo lokuqeshisa okwethutyana. Umzekelo, iinkampani zaseYurophu zithumela izithuthi ezincedisayo kwiindawo ezidumileyo kwangethuba ngaphambi kwexesha lomnyhadala womculo ophambili, zinciphisa ixesha lokuhanjiswa kunye nokulungiswa kweenkonzo kwiiyure ezi-2.

V. Amathuba okukhula kweMarike kunye neMigqaliselo yoBuchule bobuchwephesha kwiminyaka emi-3-5 ezayo

Ukukhula kwe iitreyila ezincinci ezifrijiweyo Kwimarike yokuqeshisa yefestivali, kuya kubakho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili:

Ukwanda Kwemarike Okuqhubekayo: Njengoko uqoqosho lweminyhadala yehlabathi lubuyela esimeni esihle (i-CAGR ye-8.2% ukusuka ngo-2024-2030), kunye nokwanda kokuthengiswa kweminyhadala kwiimarike ezisakhulayo (uMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, iLatin America), imfuno yokuqeshisa ii-cold chain zexeshana iya kugcina izinga lokukhula konyaka elingaphezulu kwe-10%, kunye nenani leetreyila ezincinci linyuka ukusuka kwi-45% yangoku ukuya kwi-55%.

IGreen and Low-Carbon Iba Yimigangatho: Iqhutywa yi-EU Carbon Tariff Policy (CBAM) kunye nemithetho yokusingqongileyo kumazwe ahlukeneyo, inani leerenti zetreyila ezifakwe amandla amatsha efrijini liza kunyuka ukusuka kwi-12% ngo-2025 ukuya kwi-35% ngo-2030. Iinkampani zokuqeshisa kufuneka zikhawulezise ukuphuculwa kweeasethi ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwabathengi. Ukuqeshisa ngedijithali kuya kusasazeka ngakumbi: Itekhnoloji yeBlockchain iya kusetyenziswa ekugcinweni kwedatha yobushushu ukuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki kokulandeleka kwetyathanga elibandayo lokutya kweholide; ii-algorithms ze-AI ziya kwenza ukuba kuqikelelwe imfuno yokuqeshisa (ngokusekelwe kwidatha yemisebenzi yembali kunye nemozulu yexesha langempela), zincede iinkampani ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kokuthunyelwa kwezithuthi kwaye zinciphise amazinga okusebenza angenanto ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-15%.

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