Iingenelo zokuthenga iirobhothi zeServo ngobuninzi ezivela eTshayina

Iingenelo zokuthenga iirobhothi zeServo ngobuninzi ezivela eTshayina

Phakathi kwehlabathi lonke lokwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo kwimizi-mveliso, iirobhothi ze-servo, njengezixhobo eziphambili zokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo, zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso ye-elektroniki, izixhobo zeemoto, izixhobo zonyango, ukupakisha ukutya, kunye nezinye iinkalo. Kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abathengisa ngobuninzi, isigqibo sokuba uza kuthenga phi ngobuninzi sichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zokuthenga, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhambisa, kunye nokuzinza kobudlelwane bexesha elide. I-China, kunye neminyaka yayo yobuchule kwezoshishino kunye nokufikelela kwihlabathi liphela, iye yaba sisiseko esiphambili sehlabathi sokuthenga irobhothi ye-servo ngobuninzi. Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya iingenelo ezikhethekileyo zokuthenga ngobuninzi e-China ukusuka kwiimbono ezintlanu eziphambili ukuze linike isikhokelo kwizigqibo zakho zokuthenga.

I. Inzuzo yeendleko: Amaqela oShishino + Iziphumo zesikali zinciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokuthenga ngobuninzi

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abathengisa ngobuninzi kukulawula iindleko. Inzuzo yeendleko kwishishini leerobhothi ze-servo eTshayina ayikokuba "amaxabiso aphantsi" nje kuphela, kodwa "ngumlinganiselo weendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza" osekelwe kwintsebenziswano epheleleyo kunye nemveliso enkulu. Oku kubonakala ngokukodwa kwiinkalo ezintathu:

1. Amaqela emizi-mveliso avuthiweyo, enciphisa iindleko zokuxhasa ngaphezulu kwe-30%

I-China idale amaqela oshishino lweerobhothi ze-servo akwiPearl River Delta (Shenzhen, Dongguan) kunye neYangtze River Delta (Suzhou, Shanghai), idibanisa amawaka eenkampani ezigxile kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwizixhobo eziphambili (ii-servo motors, abalawuli, kunye nee-reducers) ukuya ekucutshungulweni kwezindlu kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweentambo. Umzekelo, ngaphakathi kweekhilomitha ezi-5 ukusuka kwindawo ehamba phambili. Irobhothi MAbakhi beemoto eShenzhen, ababoneleli ngeemoto zeservo, abavelisi bezixhobo ezichanekileyo, kunye nabavelisi beenzwa bonke bayafumaneka, nto leyo ephelisa iindleko zothutho kunye nonxibelelwano lokufumana izinto kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Le modeli "yokulinganisa umgama ongekho mgama" inciphisa iindleko zothutho ngokubanzi ngaphezulu kwe-30% xa kuthelekiswa nokuthengwa kwezinto ngokwe-decentralized, ngelixa ikwaphucula ukuhambelana kwezixhobo kunye nokwenza kube lula ukugcinwa nokutshintshwa okulandelayo.

2. Imveliso enkulu iyanciphisa iindleko zeyunithi, inika izaphulelo ezibalulekileyo xa kuthengwa ngobuninzi

I-servo yesiTshayina Yintoni iRobhothiIinkampani ngokubanzi zinomthamo wemveliso wonyaka ongaphezulu kweeyunithi ezingama-50,000, kunye neenkampani eziphambili ezidlula iiyunithi ezingama-200,000, ezidlula kakhulu umlinganiselo wemizi-mveliso yamazwe amancinci naphakathi. Imveliso enkulu ayinciphisi nje kuphela iindleko zokuthenga izinto eziluhlaza (umzekelo, ukuthengwa ngobuninzi kwee-alloys ze-aluminium kunye neebheringi ezichanekileyo kunokunandipha izaphulelo ze-10%-15% ezivela kubaboneleli), kodwa ikwanciphisa iindleko ezizinzileyo ezifana noR&D kunye nokwehla kwexabiso lezixhobo. Oku kubonakala kwixabiso lokugqibela. Abathengi abathenga ngobuninzi beeyunithi ezili-100 nangaphezulu banokunandipha izaphulelo ezikhethekileyo ze-8%-12% xa kuthelekiswa neebhetshi ezincinci. Okukhona umthamo wokuthenga umkhulu, kokukhona amandla okuxoxisana eguquguquka ngakumbi. Umzekelo, umthengisi waseYurophu uthenge iirobhothi ze-servo ezingama-500 ze-axis 6 ngobuninzi ezivela eTshayina, efikelela ekunciphiseni amaxabiso okokugqibela kwe-15% xa kuthelekiswa neeyunithi nganye, egcina ngaphezulu kwe-€200,000 kwiindleko zokuthenga zonyaka.

3. Inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye neenzuzo zezinga lokutshintshiselana kunciphisa iindleko zokuthenga.

Oorhulumente abaninzi baseTshayina bakhethe iirobhothi ze-servo "njengemizi-mveliso yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu," ebonelela ngenkxaso-mali ye-R&D kunye nesaphulelo serhafu (njengokuncitshiswa kwe-15% kwirhafu yengeniso yenkampani kumashishini obuchwepheshe obuphezulu) kubavelisi. Ezi zibonelelo zomgaqo-nkqubo ziguqulela ngokungathanga ngqo kwiingenelo zeendleko zokuthenga kubathengi. Kwangaxeshanye, izinga lokutshintshiselana elizinzileyo le-RMB xa kuthelekiswa neemali ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe, kunye neendlela zokuhlawula eziguquguqukayo ezixhaswa ziinkampani zaseTshayina (ezifana neeleta zetyala ze-L/C kunye neentlawulo zezavenge ze-T/T), zinceda abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuguquguquka kwexabiso lokutshintshiselana kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemali.

II. Umgangatho Othembekileyo: Itekhnoloji Ezimeleyo Engundoqo + Isiqinisekiso Samazwe Ngamazwe Sokuhlangabezana Nemigangatho Yehlabathi

"Ingaba ixabiso eliphantsi lithetha umgangatho ophantsi?" Le yingxaki eqhelekileyo phakathi kwabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Nangona kunjalo, ishishini leerobhothi ze-servo laseTshayina ngoku liguquke ukusuka kwi-"Made in China" ukuya kwi-"Smart Manufacturing in China," kunye namanqanaba omgangatho aqatshelwa kwihlabathi liphela:

1. Uphuhliso Oluzimeleyo kwiCore Technologies, Ukusebenza Okubalulekileyo Kulinganiswa neeBrands zaMazwe ngaMazwe

Ngaphambili, izinto eziphambili ezifana neemoto ze-servo kunye nezinciphisi zokuchaneka zazixhomekeke ekungenisweni kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. Namhlanje, iinkampani zaseTshayina ziye zavelisa ngokuzimeleyo ngaphezulu kwe-80% yezi zinto eziphambili. Umzekelo, iimoto ze-servo zenkampani enye zifikelela kubuchule bokubeka indawo obuyi-±0.001mm kunye nesantya sokuphendula se-≤0.01s, xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso ezifanayo ezivela eYaskawa (eJapan) naseSiemens (eJamani). Izinto zabo zokunciphisa iiRV eziphuhliswe ngokuzimeleyo zinobomi obungaphezulu kweeyure ezili-10,000, zihlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kwexesha elide. Kubathengi abaninzi, akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka malunga nomngcipheko wokuphazamiseka kokunikezelwa kwezinto eziphambili, kwaye iindleko zokutshintshwa kwezinto ziphantsi.

2. Ulawulo loMgangatho oluGcweleyo, oluQinisekisiweyo kwihlabathi liphela

Abavelisi beerobhothi zeservo baseTshayina abaphambili baseke inkqubo ebanzi yokulawula umgangatho, ukusuka kuvavanyo lwezinto eziluhlaza (IQC), ukujonga inkqubo yemveliso (IPQC), ukuya kulawulo lomgangatho oluphumayo lwemveliso (OQC). Ezinye iinkampani zikwasebenzise iinkqubo zolawulo lwemveliso ye-MES ukuqinisekisa ukulandeleka kwerobhothi nganye. Ngaphezu koko, ngaphezulu kwe-90% yeemveliso zezi nkampani ziqinisekisiwe yi-CE (EU), i-UL (US), i-ISO9001 (inkqubo yomgangatho), kunye ne-ISO14001 (inkqubo yendalo), okuvumela ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwiimarike eziphambili ezifana ne-EU, iMntla Melika, kunye ne-Southeast Asia ngaphandle kwesidingo sotshintsho olongezelelweyo lokuthobela imithetho, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa iindleko zohlengahlengiso emva kokuthenga.

3. Uvavanyo lwangaphambi kovavanyo lwee-odolo ezininzi ukuze kuncitshiswe umngcipheko womgangatho

Kwabathengi abaninzi, iinkampani zaseTshayina zikwabonelela ngeenkonzo zovavanyo lwangaphambi kokwenziwa: Emva kokuba imveliso igqityiwe, zenza uvavanyo oluqhubekayo lweeyure ezingama-72 ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokwenyani zomthengi (ezifana nokuhlanganiswa kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nokuphathwa kwezixhobo zeemoto) ukuze zilinganise iimeko zokusebenza zehlabathi lokwenyani ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwerobhothi nganye. Umzekelo, umthengisi wempahla ethengiswayo waseKorea uthenge iirobhothi ze-servo ezingama-300 ukuhlanganiswa kwesikrini sefowuni ephathwayo. Le nkampani ilinganise yonke inkqubo "yokubamba ngocoselelo oluphezulu - ukubeka - ukuhlanganisa" kwangaphambili, ifikelela kwinqanaba lokupasa uvavanyo eliyi-100%. Umthengi wasebenzisa iimveliso ngoko nangoko ngaphandle kweengxaki zokulungisa iimpazamo.

III. Uzinzo lweCandelo loNikezelo: Amandla okuvelisa aneleyo + uLawulo oluLungileyo luqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa komthamo

Kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abathengisa ngobuninzi, "ukuhanjiswa ngexesha" kunye "nokunikezelwa okuqhubekayo" kubaluleke ngaphezu kwexabiso nje. Ishishini leerobhothi zeservo zaseTshayina libonelela ngeenzuzo ezingenakutshintshwa kuzinzo lwekhonkco lokubonelela:

1. Ugcino olwaneleyo lwamandla emveliso kunye nexesha elifutshane lee-oda ezininzi

Iinkampani zeerobhothi zeservo zaseTshayina ngokubanzi "zinomthamo wemveliso oguquguqukayo." Zigcina uluhlu olwaneleyo lweemodeli ezisemgangathweni (ezifana neemodeli ze-4-axis kunye ne-6-axis general-purpose-purpose). Kwiiodolo ezininzi zeeyunithi ezili-100-500, amaxesha okuhambisa anokulawulwa kwiintsuku ezili-15-30. Kwanakwiimodeli ezenzelwe wena, amaxesha okuhambisa anokufinyezwa abe ziintsuku ezingama-45 ngokulungelelanisa izinto eziza kuqala kumgca wemveliso, ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kuneentsuku ezingama-60-90 eziqhelekileyo kwiinkampani zaseYurophu naseMelika. Umzekelo, umthengisi omkhulu wase-Asia waseMzantsi-mpuma wayefuna ngokukhawuleza iirobhothi ezingama-200 zeservo ukuze kwandiswe umgca wemveliso. Inkampani yaseTshayina yabela ngokukhawuleza umthamo wemveliso, yagqiba imveliso kunye nokuthunyelwa kwiintsuku ezingama-25, inceda umthengi ukuba aphephe ilahleko ezibangelwa kukungasebenzi komgca wemveliso.

2. Inethiwekhi yezothutho yehlabathi, eqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwemithwalo ngeendlela ezininzi

I-China izingca ngamazibuko akumgangatho wehlabathi afana neShenzhen, iShanghai, kunye neGuangzhou, kunye nenethiwekhi epheleleyo yothutho lolwandle nomoya. Iirobhothi ze-servo ezinkulu zingathunyelwa ngolwandle (ezingabizi kakhulu, ezifanelekileyo kwiiodolo ezinkulu), zomoya (ezikhawulezayo, ezifanelekileyo kwiiodolo ezingxamisekileyo), okanye i-China-Europe Express (egubungela iYurophu yangaphakathi kwaye iphephe ukuxinana kwemithwalo yolwandle). Le nkampani ikwanceda abathengi ngeenkqubo zokubhengeza irhafu kunye neenkqubo zokukhupha impahla, ibonelela ngeenkonzo zothutho oluya kwindlu ngendlu, oluya kwindawo enye. Umzekelo, iiodolo ezinkulu ezithunyelwa eHamburg, eJamani, zinokufika ngolwandle zingadlulanga iintsuku ezingama-25, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokususwa kwerhafu kuphezulu ngama-30% kunakweminye imimandla. Iiodolo ezithunyelwa eMzantsi-mpuma Asia zinokufika ngenqwelomoya kwiintsuku ezi-3-5, kwaye iindleko zothutho zixabisa ama-60% kuphela kwezo zeenkampani zaseYurophu naseMelika.

3. Ukuqina okuqinileyo kwekhonkco lokubonelela ngempahla, ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kokubonelela ngempahla

Ukususela ngo-2020, uthotho lweenkonzo zehlabathi luye lwahlangabezana nokuguquguquka rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, ishishini leerobhothi ze-servo laseTshayina, lisebenzisa ithuba lalo lokufumana indawo epheleleyo kulo lonke uthotho lweenkonzo, libonakalise ukuqina okukhulu. Umzekelo, ngexesha lokunqongophala kweetships kwihlabathi liphela, iinkampani zaseTshayina zidibene nabavelisi beetships basekuhlaleni ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa okuzinzileyo kweetships zokulawula. Xa amaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza enyuka, iinkampani ezikwiqela leshishini zanciphisa iindleko ngokuthenga ngokudibeneyo, ziphepha ukulibaziseka kwee-odolo okubangelwa kukunyuka kweendleko. Kubathengi abathenga ngobuninzi ixesha elide, iinkampani zaseTshayina zinokusayina izivumelwano zokubonelela zexesha elide ukuze zivale amaxabiso kunye namandla emveliso, ziqinisekise ukunikezelwa okuzinzileyo unyaka omnye ukuya kwemibini.

IV. Amandla okwenza ngokwezifiso: Imveliso eguquguqukayo + Impendulo ekhawulezayo, Ukuhambelana neemeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo

Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abathengisa ngobuninzi bakhonza amashishini ahlukeneyo asezantsi (afana ne-elektroniki, iimoto, kunye nokutya), kunye neemfuno zabo iingalo zerobhothi ze-servo zahluka ngokufanelekileyo. Izakhono zokwenza ngokwezifiso zeenkampani zaseTshayina zihambelana ngokuchanekileyo neemfuno zezi meko zahlukeneyo:

1. Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso okupheleleyo, okugubungela iiparameter eziphambili ezifana nomthwalo, ukuhamba, kunye nokuchaneka.

Nokuba "yinto encinci" Ingalo yeRobhothi enomthwalo wokuhlawula oyi-5kg" (wokuhlanganisa izinto ze-elektroniki) okanye "ingalo yerobhothi enzima enomthwalo wokuhlawula oyi-50kg" (yokuphatha iindawo zeemoto); nokuba "yingalo ethe tye enomgama wokuhamba we-1m" okanye "ingalo yerobhothi edibeneyo ene-360° ejikelezayo," iinkampani zaseTshayina zinokulungisa iiparameter ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zabathengi. Umzekelo, umthengisi wezixhobo zonyango wase-US wayefuna "ingalo yerobhothi ye-servo ekhethekileyo yegumbi lokucoca." Besebenzisa indlu yentsimbi engagqwaliyo yokutya kunye nenkqubo yokucoca ye-HEPA, iinkampani zaseTshayina zenze ngokwezifiso ingalo yerobhothi ehambelana ne-GMP ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zemveliso yeemveliso zonyango.

2. Impendulo yeSisombululo esiKhawulezayo: Izisombululo ezenzelwe wena kwiiyure ezingama-24

Kwii-odolo zokwenza ngokwezifiso ngobuninzi, iinkampani zaseTshayina ziseke amaqela obuchwephesha azinikeleyo. Xa umthengi ecela, izisombululo zokuqala (kuquka iimodeli ze-3D, amaphepha edatha, kunye neekowuteshini) zinikwa zingadlulanga iiyure ezingama-24, kwaye izisombululo ziqinisekiswa zingadlulanga iiyure ezingama-72. Xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza kakuhle "kwempendulo yeveki enye" ​​kweenkampani zaseYurophu naseMelika, impendulo ekhawulezileyo yeenkampani zaseTshayina inceda abathengi banciphise imijikelo yokuthenga kwaye bakhawulezise iiprojekthi ezisezantsi.

3. Iindleko Zokwenza Izinto Ngokwesiko Ezilawulwayo: Akukho Zindleko Zongezelelweyo Zokwenza Izinto Ngokwesiko Ngokwesiko Ngokupheleleyo

Ngenxa yemveliso yangaphakathi yezinto eziphambili kunye nemigca yemveliso eguquguqukayo, iinkampani zaseTshayina zibonelela ngeendleko zokwenza ngokwezifiso eziphantsi kakhulu kunezo zeempawu zamazwe ngamazwe. Kwiiodolo zokwenza ngokwezifiso ezininzi zeeyunithi ezili-100 nangaphezulu, uninzi lweenkampani aziboneleli ngeendleko ezongezelelweyo zokwenza ngokwezifiso, zihlawulisa kuphela umrhumo omncinci "wezinto ezikhethekileyo" (ezifana nezindlu ze-titanium alloy) okanye "iimpawu ezikhethekileyo" (ezifana neenkqubo zokubeka umbono), zinciphisa kakhulu umqobo wokungena kubathengi.

V. Isiqinisekiso Emva Kokuthengisa: Inethiwekhi Yeenkonzo Zehlabathi + Inkxaso Yasekuhlaleni, Ukusombulula Iingxaki

Imingeni emva kokuthengisa ngokuthengwa kwamanye amazwe (njengokulungiswa okulibazisekileyo kunye nobunzima bokufumana izixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga) ibisoloko iyinto enzima kubathengi. Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani zeerobhothi zaseTshayina ezisebenzisa i-servo zifumene inkonzo engenamda emva kokuthengisa ngokusebenzisa umqondiso wenkonzo yehlabathi:

1. Ukhuseleko lweNethiwekhi yeNkonzo yeHlabathi, Iinkonzo zoLungiso lweNdawo

Okwangoku, iinkampani eziphambili zerobhothi zeservo zaseTshayina ziseke iindawo zenkonzo kumazwe angaphezu kwama-30 nakwiindawo zehlabathi (ezifana neLos Angeles, e-USA; eMunich, eJamani; eNew Delhi, eIndiya; naseHo Chi Minh City, eVietnam). Abathengi abaninzi banokonwabela iinkonzo zokulungisa zasekuhlaleni, kunye namaxesha okuphendula kwiiyure ezingama-48. Umzekelo, xa irobhothi yeservo ethengwe ngumthengisi waseBrazil ingasebenzi kakuhle, iqela lenkonzo lasekuhlaleni lafika kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuze liyilungise, liphepha ixesha elide lokungasebenzi komgca wemveliso.

2. Inkxaso yoBugcisa ekude yokusombulula iingxaki ngokukhawuleza

Kwiingxaki ezincinci ezingadingi ukulungiswa kwindawo (ezifana nokulungiswa kweeparameter kunye neengxaki zesoftware), iinkampani zibonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa ekude iiyure ezingama-24 (ngeefowuni zevidiyo kunye nesoftware yokulawula kude). Iinjineli zobugcisa zibonelela ngesikhokelo sexesha langempela, kwaye uninzi lweengxaki zisonjululwa kwisithuba seyure e-1-2. Iinkampani zikwabonelela ngezifundo zoqeqesho ezikwi-intanethi ukunceda abasebenzi babathengi ukuba baqonde iindlela zokulungisa iirobhothi rhoqo, nto leyo enciphisa amathuba okungaphumeleli.

3. Ubonelelo lwezixhobo ezingasetyenziswa ixesha elide ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza rhoqo

Iinkampani zaseTshayina ziseke iindawo zokugcina izinto ezingasetyenziswayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela (ezifana neHamburg, eJamani, naseChicago, e-USA). Zigcina uluhlu olwaneleyo lwezinto ezisetyenziswa rhoqo (ezifana nee-servo motors, ii-reducers, kunye nee-sensors) kwaye zinokuthunyelwa kwiiyure ezingama-48 emva kwee-odolo zabathengi. Iinkampani zikwabonelela ngewaranti yeminyaka emithathu kwizinto eziphambili kunye newaranti yonyaka omnye ukuya kwemibini kumatshini wonke. Ezinye iinkampani zikwabonelela ngeenkonzo zokugcinwa kobomi bonke, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwabathengi ixesha elide.

Isiphelo: Ukukhetha iTshayina kuthetha ukukhetha "Iindleko Eziphezulu Nentsebenziswano Ezinzileyo"

Ukususela kwiindleko ezilawulekayo ukuya kumgangatho othembekileyo, ukusuka kwikhonkco lokubonelela elizinzileyo ukuya ekwenzeni ngokwezifiso okuguquguqukayo, ukuya kwinkonzo yokukhulula inkxalabo emva kokuthengisa—ishishini leengalo zeerobhothi zeservo laseTshayina lakhe "inzuzo epheleleyo," liba liqabane elithembekileyo kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abathengisa ngobuninzi. Okwangoku, abathengisi abathengisa ngobuninzi abavela kumazwe angaphezu kwama-50 nakwiindawo kwihlabathi liphela banciphise iindleko zokuthenga, baphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhambisa, kwaye bandise iimarike ezisezantsi ngokuthenga iirobhothi zeservo ngobuninzi ezivela eTshayina.

Ukuba ungumthengi wamazwe ngamazwe othengisa ngobuninzi ofuna itshaneli yokuthenga irobhothi ye-servo engabizi kakhulu, cinga ngokukhetha iTshayina. Sicebisa ukuba uqale uqinisekise umgangatho ngokuvavanya iisampulu, uze usayine isivumelwano sokuthenga ngobuninzi sexesha elide ukuze ufumane iingenelo. Sikholelwa ukuba amandla oshishino lwengalo yerobhothi ye-servo yaseTshayina aya kukhuthaza ukukhula kweshishini lakho.

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