Ulwakhiwo lweMechanical yeRobhothi yokuQoba iNjovo ye-Five-Axis

Ulwakhiwo lweMechanical ye-Five-Axis Injection Irobhothi yokubumba: Uhlalutyo oluPhambili lwePrecision Drive kunye neNtsebenziswano eSebenzayo

Kwi-automation ye-injection molding yanamhlanje, iirobhothi zokubumba inaliti ezijikelezileyo ezintlanu, ngenxa yezakhono zabo zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo nezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo, ziye zaba zizixhobo eziphambili zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi. Ukusebenza kwazo okugqwesileyo kuqhutywa yinkqubo yoomatshini eyilwe ngobuchule—ukusuka kwiyunithi yokuqhuba ukuya kwisiphumo sokugqibela—apho ukusebenza okudibeneyo kwecandelo ngalinye kumisela ukusebenza kwerobhothi ekubambeni ngesantya esiphezulu, ukubeka indawo ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokuhamba okuntsonkothileyo kwendlela. Eli nqaku liza kubonelela ngohlalutyo olunzulu lwesakhiwo soomatshini esiphambili serobhothi yokubumba inaliti ene-axis ezintlanu, ityhila unxibelelwano oluphakathi kokusebenza kwezixhobo kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo, inceda iinkampani zenze izigqibo zokukhetha izixhobo ezichanekileyo ngakumbi ngexesha lokuphucula oomatshini.

Uyilo oluSisiseko: "I-Skeleton Framework" yeNkqubo yokuHamba ye-Five-Axis

Ulwakhiwo loomatshini lwerobhothi yokubumba inaliti ye-five-axis lusekelwe kwinkqubo yokudibanisa enamalungu amaninzi. Ngokudibanisa ii-axes ezintathu ezithe tyaba (X, Y, kunye no-Z) kunye nee-axes ezimbini ezijikelezayo (A kunye no-B), ifikelela kuluhlu olupheleleyo lwentshukumo kwiimilinganiselo ezintathu. Olu lwakhiwo ludlula imida yentshukumo yendabuko ye-three-Iirobhothi ze-Axis, ebonisa iingenelo ezibalulekileyo ekuphatheni iindawo ezibunjiweyo ngendlela engaqhelekanga kunye nokususa iindawo kwiinkuni ezintsonkothileyo.

Iimodyuli ze-Linear axis: I-X-axis (intshukumo esecaleni), i-Y-axis (ulwandiso oluya phambili noluya ngasemva), kunye ne-Z-axis (ukuphakamisa ngokuthe nkqo) zihlala zisebenzisa indibaniselwano yezikhokelo ezichanekileyo eziphezulu kunye nezikrufu zebhola. Ezi zikhokelo zenziwe ngentsimbi ye-alloy eqinileyo enomhlaba ochanekileyo. Zidibene nezilayida ezinomthwalo ohlengahlengiswayo, ziqinisekisa iimpazamo zomgca ngaphakathi kwe-0.02mm/m ngexesha lokuhamba. Izikrufu zebhola ziqhagamshelwe ngqo kwi-drive motor ngeenati, ziguqula intshukumo yokujikeleza ibe kukuhamba okuthe nkqo. Oku kufezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokudlulisela okungaphezulu kwe-90%, okuphezulu kakhulu kuneenkqubo ze-rack kunye ne-pinion zendabuko, kunciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwamandla.

Iijoyinti ze-Rotary axis: I-A-axis (ukujikeleza kwesandla) kunye ne-B-axis (ukujija kwengalo) zezona zinto ziphambili zokulungisa ukuma okuntsonkothileyo. Ii-harmonic reducers ezichanekileyo kakhulu zisetyenziswa ngaphakathi kwamalungu, kunye ne-backlash elawulwa ngaphakathi komzuzu omnye we-arc. Zidibene nomthamo womthwalo we-radial kunye ne-axial wee-crossed roller bearings, ziqinisekisa zombini imveliso yokujikeleza eqinileyo kunye nokuchaneka kwe-0.1°. Kwiimeko zokusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu, isantya sokuphendula esiguqukayo se-axis ejikelezayo sinokufikelela kwi-500°/s, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso yokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza.

Inkqubo yokuqhuba: "Izicubu zeMisipha" zoMbane ophumayo

Inkqubo yokuqhuba yerobhothi ene-axis ezintlanu isebenza "njengesihlunu," inika amandla alawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kwintshukumo ye-axis nganye. Okwangoku, izisombululo eziphambili zokuqhuba zihlulwe njengee-servo motors kunye nee-stepper motors. Ii-Servo drives, kunye neenzuzo zazo kulawulo oluvaliweyo, zilawula imveliso yokubumba i-injection ephezulu.

Iiyunithi zeServo drive ziquka i-servo motor, i-encoder, kunye nomqhubi. Le moto isebenzisa iimagnethi ezihlala ixesha elide ze-rare earth, ezibonelela ngoxinano olukhulu lwe-torque kunye namandla azinzileyo nokuba ngesantya esiphantsi. Isisombululo se-encoder sidla ngokufikelela kwiibhithi ezingama-20 (ii-pulses eziyi-1,048,576 ngokujikeleza ngakunye). Idityaniswe ne-algorithm yokulawula i-PID yomqhubi, oku kufezekisa impazamo yolawulo lwendawo ye-≤0.01mm. Kwiimeko zokususa iinxalenye ngesantya esiphezulu, amaxesha okukhawulezisa kunye nokuthomalalisa kwesantya senkqubo ye-servo anokulawulwa ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana eyi-0.1, amaxesha omjikelo wokudibana adlula imijikelo eyi-120 ngomzuzu.

Uyilo loQhagamshelo loThutho: Inkqubo yokuqhuba kunye ne-axis ehambayo ziqhagamshelwe nge-coupling eguquguqukayo okanye ibhanti ehambelanayo. Ii-couplings ze-elastic zinokubuyisela ukungalingani kofakelo kwaye zinciphise impembelelo yemithwalo yokutshaja kwimoto. Ii-drives zebhanti ehambelanayo zifanelekile kwi-transmission yamandla ekude. Umzimba wazo webhanti ye-polyurethane kunye nesakhiwo sentsimbi yentsimbi ziqinisekisa ukuchaneka kothutho ngelixa zimelana nokuguga nokusebenza okungapheliyo kwiiyure ezili-10,000.

Isiphumezi Sokugqibela: "Isandla" Sokusebenzisana Komsebenzi

Isiphembeleli sokugqibela (igripper) yinxalenye esebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo ne Ingalo yeRobhothi kunye nenxalenye ebunjiweyo ngenaliti. Uyilo lwayo lwesakhiwo kufuneka lwenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokweempawu zemveliso. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka iigrippers zomoya, iikomityi zokufunxa i-vacuum, kunye nezixhobo zemagnethi. Ingqwalasela yayo ephambili kukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenzisana okuzinzileyo nengalo yerobhothi.

Ulwakhiwo lwe-End Effector: I-pneumatic gripper isebenzisa i-dual-piston drive enoluhlu lwamandla okubamba oluhlengahlengiswayo lwe-5-500N. Ixhotyiswe ngeminwe ye-silicone okanye ye-polyurethane ukuze ilungele iindawo ezibunjiweyo zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemilo. I-vacuum suction cup isebenzisa i-Venturi generator ukuvelisa uxinzelelo olubi lwe--80kPa. I-gripper enye ingabamba ngaphezulu kwe-5kg, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinkulu zeplastiki ezithe tyaba. Ezinye iimodeli eziphezulu zixhotyiswe nge-interfaces zokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo enciphisa ixesha lokutshintsha libe ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana engama-30, nto leyo ehlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso eyahlukeneyo, ephantsi.

Uyilo lokulinganisela umthwalo: Isenzi somthwalo sifakwa kwindawo edibanisa isixhobo sokugqibela kunye nengalo ukuze sijonge ubunzima bokubamba ngexesha langempela. Xa umthwalo udlula umda omiselweyo (ngesiqhelo i-120% yomthwalo olinganisiweyo), inkqubo iqalisa ngokuzenzekelayo indlela yokukhusela, imise intshukumo kwaye ikhuphe i-alamu ukuthintela umonakalo kwisakhiwo soomatshini ngenxa yokuxinana kakhulu. Olu yilo luvumela irobhothi ukuba ithwale imithwalo eqala kwi-5 ukuya kwi-50 kg, igubungela iimfuno zemveliso ukusuka kwizinto ezincinci ze-elektroniki ukuya kwiindawo ezinkulu zeplastiki zeemoto.

Ulwakhiwo lwenkxaso: "Isinqe" esiqinisekisa uzinzo

Ulwakhiwo lwenkxaso luquka izinto ezithwala umthwalo ezifana nesiseko, iikholamu, kunye neebhanti. Ukuqina kwayo kunye noyilo olukhaphukhaphu kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka kwentshukumo yerobhothi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Iirobhothi zanamhlanje ezine-axis ezintlanu zihlala zisebenzisa uyilo oluyimodyuli, zisebenzisa uhlalutyo lwezinto ezilinganiselweyo ukuphucula ukusasazwa koxinzelelo lwesakhiwo.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto kunye nezinto: Iikholamu kunye neebhari zihlala zenziwe ngeeprofayili ze-aluminium alloy ezinamandla aphezulu (ezifana ne-6061-T6), ezifakwe i-anodized ukuze zilungele ukugqwala kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Ukuqinisa intsimbi kufakwe kwiindawo eziphambili ezithwala umthwalo, kunciphisa ubunzima ngokubanzi nge-30% ngelixa kuqinisekiswa ukuguquguquka okungaguqukiyo kwe-≤0.5mm/m. Isiseko sakhiwe ngesinyithi esityhidiweyo, kwaye unyango lokwaluphala lususa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, luqinisekisa uzinzo lokusebenza.

Uyilo olufunxa ukungcangcazela nolukhuselayo: Iiphedi zokufunxa ukungcangcazela zifakelwe kwindawo edibanisa isakhiwo esixhasayo nomhlaba, zifunxa ngaphezulu kwe-90% yokungcangcazela okuphezulu. Izigqubuthelo zokukhusela ezinokurhoxiswa zifakelwe kwiindawo ezihambayo, ezakhiwe nge-canvas ye-nylon enamaleko amaninzi kunye nesakhiwo se-metal frame composite. Zifikelela kumlinganiselo we-IP54 kwaye zikhusela ngokufanelekileyo uthuli kunye nongcoliseko lweoyile kwindawo yokubumba inaliti.

Ixabiso leMveliso eliziswa ziingenelo zesakhiwo

Uyilo loomatshini lwerobhothi yomatshini wokubumba inaliti ye-five-axis ekugqibeleni lunceda ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Unxibelelwano lwayo lwe-multi-axis lonyusa izinga lokwenza ngcono indlela yokususa iinxalenye nge-40%, okuvumela ukubanjwa ngaxeshanye kweenxalenye ezivela kwizikhululo ezininzi kwiimold ezintsonkothileyo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwemingxuma. Indawo echanekileyo kakhulu (ukuphinda-phinda ≤±0.05mm) kunciphisa umngcipheko wokungqubana phakathi kweenxalenye kunye neemold, kunciphisa izinga lesiphene libe ngaphantsi kwe-0.1%.